NU 670 test 2 Advanced Psychopharmacology study tips
| Complete Study Guide (Latest 2026/2027 Update)
Terms & Complete Definitions - Herzing University
Hearing voices - Perceptual distortions include being distressed by hallucinatory voices; hearing
voices that accuse, blame, or threaten punishment; seeing visions; reporting hallucinations of
touch, taste, or odor; or reporting that familiar things and people seem changed.
1. Paranoid patient - Paranoid projection includes preoccupation with delusional beliefs;
believing that people are talking about oneself; believing one is being persecuted, or
being conspired against; and believing people or external forces control one’s actions.
2. A particular type of paranoid delusion may be seen in Parkinson’s disease psychosis;
namely, the belief that one’s spouse is being unfaithful or that one’s spouse or loved
ones are stealing from them.
3. Hostile belligerence is verbal expression of feelings of hostility; expressing an attitude of
disdain; manifesting a hostile, sullen attitude; manifesting irritability and grouchiness;
tending to blame others for problems; expressing feelings of resentment; complaining
and finding fault; as well as expressing suspicion of people. This, too may be seen
especially in schizophrenia and drug-induced psychoses.
4. Grandiose expansiveness is exhibiting an attitude of superiority; hearing voices that
praise and extol; believing one has unusual powers or is a well-known personality, or
that one has a divine mission, which is often seen in schizophrenia and in manic
psychosis
Milieu safety - Milieu safety refers to creating a safe and therapeutic environment for
individuals in various settings, such as hospitals, psychiatric facilities, or residential treatment
centers. The goal of ensuring milieu safety is to minimize potential risks and hazards and to
promote the well-being and security of all individuals within that environment.
Low self esteem - Low self-esteem can have a significant impact on various aspects of a person's
life, affecting their mental health, relationships, and overall well-being. If you or someone you
know is struggling with low selfesteem, it's essential to address these feelings and work towards
building self-confidence and self-worth. Here are some strategies that can help improve self-
esteem:
, 1. Self-Compassion: Practice self-compassion by treating yourself with kindness and
understanding, especially in moments of self-criticism or negative self-talk. Acknowledge
your strengths and achievements, and be gentle with yourself as you work on improving
your self-esteem.
2. Challenge Negative Thoughts: Pay attention to negative thoughts and beliefs about
yourself, and challenge them with more realistic and positive perspectives. Cognitive-
behavioral techniques can help reframe negative thinking patterns and build a more
balanced selfview.
3. Set Realistic Goals: Break down larger goals into smaller, achievable steps and celebrate
your progress along the way. Setting realistic goals and accomplishing them can boost
self-esteem and confidence.
4. Practice Self-Care: Prioritize self-care activities that nurture your physical, emotional,
and mental well-being. Engage in activities that you enjoy, maintain a healthy lifestyle,
and make time for relaxation and stress management.
5. Seek Support: Reach out to supportive friends, family members, or a mental health
professional for encouragement and guidance. Talking about your feelings and receiving
validation from others can help challenge negative self-perceptions.
6. Celebrate Your Strengths: Identify your strengths, talents, and accomplishments, no
matter how small they may seem. Recognizing and celebrating your positive qualities
can help shift your focus away from self-criticism.
7. Practice Assertiveness: Learn to assert your needs and boundaries respectfully in
relationships and situations. Setting boundaries and expressing your thoughts and
feelings can help build self-confidence and self-respect.
Remember that building self-esteem is a gradual process that requires patience and self-
compassion. It's okay to seek support and guidance along the way. You are deserving of self-
love and self-acceptance, and taking steps to improve your self-esteem can lead to greater
resilience and well-being.
Extrapyramidal adverse affects - Extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) are a common concern
associated with antipsychotic medications, particularly first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs)
like haloperidol. EPS include a variety of movement disorders that can occur as adverse effects
of dopaminereceptor blocking agents. Some of the movement phenotypes along the EPS
spectrum include dystonia (sustained muscle contractions causing abnormal postures), akathisia
(restlessness and an urge to move constantly), parkinsonism (tremors, stiffness, and slowness of
movement), tardive akathisia, and tardive dyskinesia (involuntary movements).
Residual schizophrenia - residual schizophrenia is a subtype of schizophrenia characterized by a
period of sustained remission after an initial phase of active symptoms. In residual
schizophrenia, individuals may experience milder symptoms or impairments compared to the
acute phase of the disorder. Some common features of residual schizophrenia include:
| Complete Study Guide (Latest 2026/2027 Update)
Terms & Complete Definitions - Herzing University
Hearing voices - Perceptual distortions include being distressed by hallucinatory voices; hearing
voices that accuse, blame, or threaten punishment; seeing visions; reporting hallucinations of
touch, taste, or odor; or reporting that familiar things and people seem changed.
1. Paranoid patient - Paranoid projection includes preoccupation with delusional beliefs;
believing that people are talking about oneself; believing one is being persecuted, or
being conspired against; and believing people or external forces control one’s actions.
2. A particular type of paranoid delusion may be seen in Parkinson’s disease psychosis;
namely, the belief that one’s spouse is being unfaithful or that one’s spouse or loved
ones are stealing from them.
3. Hostile belligerence is verbal expression of feelings of hostility; expressing an attitude of
disdain; manifesting a hostile, sullen attitude; manifesting irritability and grouchiness;
tending to blame others for problems; expressing feelings of resentment; complaining
and finding fault; as well as expressing suspicion of people. This, too may be seen
especially in schizophrenia and drug-induced psychoses.
4. Grandiose expansiveness is exhibiting an attitude of superiority; hearing voices that
praise and extol; believing one has unusual powers or is a well-known personality, or
that one has a divine mission, which is often seen in schizophrenia and in manic
psychosis
Milieu safety - Milieu safety refers to creating a safe and therapeutic environment for
individuals in various settings, such as hospitals, psychiatric facilities, or residential treatment
centers. The goal of ensuring milieu safety is to minimize potential risks and hazards and to
promote the well-being and security of all individuals within that environment.
Low self esteem - Low self-esteem can have a significant impact on various aspects of a person's
life, affecting their mental health, relationships, and overall well-being. If you or someone you
know is struggling with low selfesteem, it's essential to address these feelings and work towards
building self-confidence and self-worth. Here are some strategies that can help improve self-
esteem:
, 1. Self-Compassion: Practice self-compassion by treating yourself with kindness and
understanding, especially in moments of self-criticism or negative self-talk. Acknowledge
your strengths and achievements, and be gentle with yourself as you work on improving
your self-esteem.
2. Challenge Negative Thoughts: Pay attention to negative thoughts and beliefs about
yourself, and challenge them with more realistic and positive perspectives. Cognitive-
behavioral techniques can help reframe negative thinking patterns and build a more
balanced selfview.
3. Set Realistic Goals: Break down larger goals into smaller, achievable steps and celebrate
your progress along the way. Setting realistic goals and accomplishing them can boost
self-esteem and confidence.
4. Practice Self-Care: Prioritize self-care activities that nurture your physical, emotional,
and mental well-being. Engage in activities that you enjoy, maintain a healthy lifestyle,
and make time for relaxation and stress management.
5. Seek Support: Reach out to supportive friends, family members, or a mental health
professional for encouragement and guidance. Talking about your feelings and receiving
validation from others can help challenge negative self-perceptions.
6. Celebrate Your Strengths: Identify your strengths, talents, and accomplishments, no
matter how small they may seem. Recognizing and celebrating your positive qualities
can help shift your focus away from self-criticism.
7. Practice Assertiveness: Learn to assert your needs and boundaries respectfully in
relationships and situations. Setting boundaries and expressing your thoughts and
feelings can help build self-confidence and self-respect.
Remember that building self-esteem is a gradual process that requires patience and self-
compassion. It's okay to seek support and guidance along the way. You are deserving of self-
love and self-acceptance, and taking steps to improve your self-esteem can lead to greater
resilience and well-being.
Extrapyramidal adverse affects - Extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) are a common concern
associated with antipsychotic medications, particularly first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs)
like haloperidol. EPS include a variety of movement disorders that can occur as adverse effects
of dopaminereceptor blocking agents. Some of the movement phenotypes along the EPS
spectrum include dystonia (sustained muscle contractions causing abnormal postures), akathisia
(restlessness and an urge to move constantly), parkinsonism (tremors, stiffness, and slowness of
movement), tardive akathisia, and tardive dyskinesia (involuntary movements).
Residual schizophrenia - residual schizophrenia is a subtype of schizophrenia characterized by a
period of sustained remission after an initial phase of active symptoms. In residual
schizophrenia, individuals may experience milder symptoms or impairments compared to the
acute phase of the disorder. Some common features of residual schizophrenia include:
