BIOLOGY 1407 Exam test questions
with answers graded A+
What was the 18th century mindset? - ANS✅✅- Species are unchanging
- Species are uniquely and perfectly designed for their surroundings
- Earth is 6000 years old, according to Biblical context
- Everything started in the Garden of Eden, then dispersed from there
What are Lamarck's principals of evolution? - ANS✅✅- Use and disuse
- Inherence of acquired characters
What are some of Charles Darwin's observations in South America? - ANS✅✅- Characteristics of
organisms made them well suited for South American habitats
- Temperate species in South America are are similar to tropical species in South America than
temperate in Europe (organisms are not "perfect")
- Fossils in South America were very similar to modern species in South America
- Marine fossils on mountain tops of Andes
- Geographical change after an earthquake in Chile
What are the main points in "Origin of Species?" - ANS✅✅- Artificial Selection - Human
modification of other species by selecting and breeding individuals with desirable traits
- Natural Process
What are the 5 causes of microevolution? - ANS✅✅- Genetic Variation
- Natural Selection
- Genetic Drift
- Gene Flow
- Sexual Selection
What are the sources of genetic variation? - ANS✅✅- Mutation
- Genetic Duplication
- Sexual Reproduction (independent assortment, crossing over, and random fertilization)
,What are the two types of genetic drift? - ANS✅✅- Founder Effect (a new small population is
established)
- Bottlenecking Effect (severe population reduction)
What is the definition of gene flow? - ANS✅✅The transfer of alleles into or out of a population due
to movement of fertile individuals or their gametes
What are the conditions for HWE? - ANS✅✅- No mutation
- Random mating
- No natural selection
- Extremely large population size (no genetic drift)
- No gene flow
What are the 3 types of natural selection? - ANS✅✅- Stabilizing (normal with a small range of
diversity)
- Directional (a regular curve that is moved to the left or right)
- Disruptive (Bimodal distribution)
What are some factors of evolutionary change? - ANS✅✅- Frequency dependence (Right/left-
mouthed fish)
- Heterozygous Advantage (Butterflies)
- Geographic Variation (Clovers)
How do species arise? - ANS✅✅- Allopatric Speciation (geographic isolation)
- Sympatric Speciation (genetic mutation)
What is adaptive radiation? - ANS✅✅Series of evolutionary events that result in an array of
related species that live in a variety of environments, differing in the characteristics each uses to
exploit those environments
What causes adaptive radiation? - ANS✅✅- Founder Effect
- Extinction
, Describe the Cambrian Explosion? - ANS✅✅A period of rapid evolution change when several
modern phyla appeared and others diversified in the fossil record, specifically animal phylogenies
What is a vestigial characteristic? - ANS✅✅A characteristic that is shared between many different
organisms
What is a analogous structure? - ANS✅✅A characteristic that two organisms shared, but
developed on two different timelines (convergent evolution)
Explain the relationship between homoplasy and convergent evolution? - ANS✅✅Both of these
concepts follow the believe that certain traits can be shared by organisms on two completely
separate linages
Explain the relationship between evolutionary reversal and synapomorphies? - ANS✅✅These
concepts share the belief that two organisms that have apomorphies in common, but in evolutionary
several, this trait is lost and then repurposed
What are the different types of interspecific interaction? - ANS✅✅- Predation (+/-)
- Competition(-/-)
- Mutualism (+/+)
- Communalism (+/0)
What is a fundamental niche? - ANS✅✅The range of all the resources a species is able to use
What is a realized niche? - ANS✅✅The rage of all resources a species actually does use when
sharing with other species
What is crypsis? - ANS✅✅Camouflage that makes prey difficult to see
What does aposematic mean? - ANS✅✅Indicates animal that has warning color to indicate that it
is poisonous and harmful
with answers graded A+
What was the 18th century mindset? - ANS✅✅- Species are unchanging
- Species are uniquely and perfectly designed for their surroundings
- Earth is 6000 years old, according to Biblical context
- Everything started in the Garden of Eden, then dispersed from there
What are Lamarck's principals of evolution? - ANS✅✅- Use and disuse
- Inherence of acquired characters
What are some of Charles Darwin's observations in South America? - ANS✅✅- Characteristics of
organisms made them well suited for South American habitats
- Temperate species in South America are are similar to tropical species in South America than
temperate in Europe (organisms are not "perfect")
- Fossils in South America were very similar to modern species in South America
- Marine fossils on mountain tops of Andes
- Geographical change after an earthquake in Chile
What are the main points in "Origin of Species?" - ANS✅✅- Artificial Selection - Human
modification of other species by selecting and breeding individuals with desirable traits
- Natural Process
What are the 5 causes of microevolution? - ANS✅✅- Genetic Variation
- Natural Selection
- Genetic Drift
- Gene Flow
- Sexual Selection
What are the sources of genetic variation? - ANS✅✅- Mutation
- Genetic Duplication
- Sexual Reproduction (independent assortment, crossing over, and random fertilization)
,What are the two types of genetic drift? - ANS✅✅- Founder Effect (a new small population is
established)
- Bottlenecking Effect (severe population reduction)
What is the definition of gene flow? - ANS✅✅The transfer of alleles into or out of a population due
to movement of fertile individuals or their gametes
What are the conditions for HWE? - ANS✅✅- No mutation
- Random mating
- No natural selection
- Extremely large population size (no genetic drift)
- No gene flow
What are the 3 types of natural selection? - ANS✅✅- Stabilizing (normal with a small range of
diversity)
- Directional (a regular curve that is moved to the left or right)
- Disruptive (Bimodal distribution)
What are some factors of evolutionary change? - ANS✅✅- Frequency dependence (Right/left-
mouthed fish)
- Heterozygous Advantage (Butterflies)
- Geographic Variation (Clovers)
How do species arise? - ANS✅✅- Allopatric Speciation (geographic isolation)
- Sympatric Speciation (genetic mutation)
What is adaptive radiation? - ANS✅✅Series of evolutionary events that result in an array of
related species that live in a variety of environments, differing in the characteristics each uses to
exploit those environments
What causes adaptive radiation? - ANS✅✅- Founder Effect
- Extinction
, Describe the Cambrian Explosion? - ANS✅✅A period of rapid evolution change when several
modern phyla appeared and others diversified in the fossil record, specifically animal phylogenies
What is a vestigial characteristic? - ANS✅✅A characteristic that is shared between many different
organisms
What is a analogous structure? - ANS✅✅A characteristic that two organisms shared, but
developed on two different timelines (convergent evolution)
Explain the relationship between homoplasy and convergent evolution? - ANS✅✅Both of these
concepts follow the believe that certain traits can be shared by organisms on two completely
separate linages
Explain the relationship between evolutionary reversal and synapomorphies? - ANS✅✅These
concepts share the belief that two organisms that have apomorphies in common, but in evolutionary
several, this trait is lost and then repurposed
What are the different types of interspecific interaction? - ANS✅✅- Predation (+/-)
- Competition(-/-)
- Mutualism (+/+)
- Communalism (+/0)
What is a fundamental niche? - ANS✅✅The range of all the resources a species is able to use
What is a realized niche? - ANS✅✅The rage of all resources a species actually does use when
sharing with other species
What is crypsis? - ANS✅✅Camouflage that makes prey difficult to see
What does aposematic mean? - ANS✅✅Indicates animal that has warning color to indicate that it
is poisonous and harmful
