BIOLOGY 1407 Exam test questions
and answers graded A+
EVOLUTION - ANS✅✅descent with modification
ARISTOTLE - ANS✅✅viewed species as fixed and arranged them on a scale naturae; believed in the
Old Testament and species were individually designed by God
CAROLUS LINNAEUS - ANS✅✅founder of taxonomy; developed the binomial format naming
system
FOSSILS - ANS✅✅remains or traces of organisms from the past
STRATA - ANS✅✅layers of sedimentary rock
PALEONTOLOGY - ANS✅✅study of fossils
JAMES HUTTON AND CHARLES LYELL - ANS✅✅perceived changes in Earth's surface can result from
slow, continuous actions
LAMARCK - ANS✅✅hypothesized that species evolve through use and disuse of body parts and the
inheritance of acquired characteristics
CHARLES DARWIN - ANS✅✅wrote The Origin of Species
NATURAL SELECTION - ANS✅✅process in which individuals with favorable inherited traits are
more likely to survive and reproduce
ARTIFICIAL SELECTION - ANS✅✅selecting and breeding individuals with desired traits
DARWIN'S THREE OBSERVATIONS - ANS✅✅1) unity of life
2) diversity of life
,3) match between organism and environment
DARWIN'S TWO INFERENCES - ANS✅✅1) individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher
probability of surviving and reproducing in a given environment tend to leave more offspring than
other individuals
2) the unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce will lead to the accumulation of
favorable traits in the population over generations
TYPES OF DATA THAT DOCUMENT PATTERNS OF EVOLUTION - ANS✅✅1) direct observations
2) homology
3) fossil record
4) biogeography
HOMOLOGY - ANS✅✅similarity resulting from common ancestry
HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES - ANS✅✅anatomical resemblances that represent variations on a
structural theme present in a common ancestor
VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES - ANS✅✅remnants of features that served important functions in the
organism's ancestors
CONVERGENT EVOLUTION - ANS✅✅evolution of similar, or analogous features in distantly related
groups
EVIDENCE THAT FOSSIL RECORDS PROVIDE - ANS✅✅1) extinction of species
2) origin of new groups
3) changes within groups over time
BIOGEOGRAPHY - ANS✅✅geographic distribution of species
PANGAEA - ANS✅✅Earth's former supercontinent
, ENDEMIC SPECIES - ANS✅✅species that are not found anywhere else in the world
PHYLOGENY - ANS✅✅evolutionary history of species
SYSTEMATICS - ANS✅✅classifies organisms and determines their evolutionary relationships
TAXONOMY - ANS✅✅ordered division and naming of organisms
BINOMIAL - ANS✅✅two-part scientific name
GENUS - ANS✅✅first part of binomial
EPITHET - ANS✅✅second part of binomial
DID KING PHILIP COME OVER FOR GOOD SPAGHETTI - ANS✅✅1) domain
2) kingdom
3) phylum
4) class
5) order
6) family
7) genus
8) species
TAXON - ANS✅✅taxonomic unit at any level of hierarchy
BRANCH POINT - ANS✅✅divergence of two taxa from a common ancestor
SISTER TAXA - ANS✅✅groups that share an immediate common ancestor
BASAL TAXON - ANS✅✅diverges early in the history of a group and originates near the common
ancestor of the group
and answers graded A+
EVOLUTION - ANS✅✅descent with modification
ARISTOTLE - ANS✅✅viewed species as fixed and arranged them on a scale naturae; believed in the
Old Testament and species were individually designed by God
CAROLUS LINNAEUS - ANS✅✅founder of taxonomy; developed the binomial format naming
system
FOSSILS - ANS✅✅remains or traces of organisms from the past
STRATA - ANS✅✅layers of sedimentary rock
PALEONTOLOGY - ANS✅✅study of fossils
JAMES HUTTON AND CHARLES LYELL - ANS✅✅perceived changes in Earth's surface can result from
slow, continuous actions
LAMARCK - ANS✅✅hypothesized that species evolve through use and disuse of body parts and the
inheritance of acquired characteristics
CHARLES DARWIN - ANS✅✅wrote The Origin of Species
NATURAL SELECTION - ANS✅✅process in which individuals with favorable inherited traits are
more likely to survive and reproduce
ARTIFICIAL SELECTION - ANS✅✅selecting and breeding individuals with desired traits
DARWIN'S THREE OBSERVATIONS - ANS✅✅1) unity of life
2) diversity of life
,3) match between organism and environment
DARWIN'S TWO INFERENCES - ANS✅✅1) individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher
probability of surviving and reproducing in a given environment tend to leave more offspring than
other individuals
2) the unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce will lead to the accumulation of
favorable traits in the population over generations
TYPES OF DATA THAT DOCUMENT PATTERNS OF EVOLUTION - ANS✅✅1) direct observations
2) homology
3) fossil record
4) biogeography
HOMOLOGY - ANS✅✅similarity resulting from common ancestry
HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES - ANS✅✅anatomical resemblances that represent variations on a
structural theme present in a common ancestor
VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES - ANS✅✅remnants of features that served important functions in the
organism's ancestors
CONVERGENT EVOLUTION - ANS✅✅evolution of similar, or analogous features in distantly related
groups
EVIDENCE THAT FOSSIL RECORDS PROVIDE - ANS✅✅1) extinction of species
2) origin of new groups
3) changes within groups over time
BIOGEOGRAPHY - ANS✅✅geographic distribution of species
PANGAEA - ANS✅✅Earth's former supercontinent
, ENDEMIC SPECIES - ANS✅✅species that are not found anywhere else in the world
PHYLOGENY - ANS✅✅evolutionary history of species
SYSTEMATICS - ANS✅✅classifies organisms and determines their evolutionary relationships
TAXONOMY - ANS✅✅ordered division and naming of organisms
BINOMIAL - ANS✅✅two-part scientific name
GENUS - ANS✅✅first part of binomial
EPITHET - ANS✅✅second part of binomial
DID KING PHILIP COME OVER FOR GOOD SPAGHETTI - ANS✅✅1) domain
2) kingdom
3) phylum
4) class
5) order
6) family
7) genus
8) species
TAXON - ANS✅✅taxonomic unit at any level of hierarchy
BRANCH POINT - ANS✅✅divergence of two taxa from a common ancestor
SISTER TAXA - ANS✅✅groups that share an immediate common ancestor
BASAL TAXON - ANS✅✅diverges early in the history of a group and originates near the common
ancestor of the group
