ATI CARDIOVASCULAR UPDATED TEST PAPER QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔K-sparing diuretics: spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride, may take 12-48hr to
work- less strong - ✔✔hyperkalemia, endocrine effects (impotence and irregular
menstrual), no w/ kidney failure
✔✔osmotic diuretics: mannitol - ✔✔acute phase kidney injury, cerebral edema, prevent
kidney failure in shock, monitor for heart failure, kidney failure, lithium excretion is
increased
✔✔ACE inhibitors: captopril (1hr before meal), enalapril, enalaprilat (only one for IV),
fosinopril, lisinopril, ramipril, moexipril (1hr before meal): vasodilate, excrete water and
sodium - ✔✔used in: heart failure, HTN, MI, nephropathy. stop diuretic 2-3days before
ACE, dry cough, hyperkalmeia, rash and alter taste-report, angiodema, neutropenia,
can increase lithium levels, avoid use of NSAIDs
✔✔ARBs: losartan, valsartan, irbesartan, candesartan, olmesartan: dilate and excrete -
✔✔uses: HTN, prevent mortality following MI, stroke, angiodema, fetal injury, given PO
✔✔aldosterone antagonists: eplerenone, spironolactone: used w/ HTN, Heart failure -
✔✔hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, flulike manifestations-report, dizziness, can cause
lithium toxicity
✔✔Direct renin inhibitors: aliskiren, HTN - ✔✔angiodema, hyperkalemia, diarrhea- dose
related, decreases levels of furosemide, atorvastatin can increase levels, monitor for
hypotension, avoid high fat meals
✔✔calcium channel blockers: nifedipine,verapamil, diltiazem, amlodipine, felodipine,
nicardipine - ✔✔works on arteries, veins not affected
✔✔meds used for angina - ✔✔nefedipine, amlodipine, nicardipine, verapamil, diltiazem
✔✔meds used for HTN - ✔✔nifedipine,verapamil, diltiazem, amlodipine, felodipine,
nicardipine
✔✔meds used for cardiac dysrhythmias - ✔✔verapamil, diltiazem
✔✔Nifedipein - ✔✔increased HR- can give beta blocker to fix, observe for swelling (can
give diuretic), acute toxicity- monitor VS, admin. norepi, calcium, isoproterenol,
lidocaine, iv fluids, gastric lavarge- slowling HR w/ beta blockers, no grapefruit juice
, ✔✔verapamil, diltiazem - ✔✔OH and peripheral edema, constipation, cardiac
suppression, dysrhtymias, acute toxicity , increase digoxin, don't use w/ beta blockers,
avoid grapefruit juice
✔✔alpha adrenergic blockers: prazosin, doxazosin mesylate, terazosin: HTN, BPH -
✔✔start with low dose, first dose given at night, change positions slowly, use carefully
w/ antihypertensives. take med w/ food.
✔✔centrally acting alpha agonists: clonidine, guanfacine HCL, methyldopa: migrain,
ADHD, HTN, withdrawal, severe cancer pain - ✔✔drowsiness, dry mouth, rebound
hypertension so taper. dont use patch w/ scleroderma and lupus, use cautiously w/
stroke, MI, DM, depression, renal failure. careful w/ prazosin and TCAs,
✔✔Beta Blockers: - ✔✔metoprolol, atenolol, metoprolol succinate, esmolo, propranolol,
nadolol, carvedilol, labetalol: HTN, agnina, migrain, glaucoma
✔✔metoprolol and propranolol - ✔✔bradycardia, cautiously in diabetes, decreased
cardiac output- monitor and notify, AV clock- baseline ECG, OH, rebound myocardium
excitation: taper off meds: monitor clients taking beta blocker concurrently
✔✔propranolol - ✔✔avoid w/ asthma, diabetes- monitor blood glucose b/c it masks
signs of hypoglycemia
✔✔hypertensive crisis: nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, nicardipine, clevidipine, enalaprilat,
esmolol HCl - ✔✔excessive hypotension, cyanide poisoning- increased for liver issues,
reduce by giving less than 5mcg/kg/min or thiosulfate, avoid prolonged use, protect from
light, discard after 24 hr
✔✔cardiac glycosides: digoxin: treatment of heart failure and dysrhythmias -
✔✔dysrhythmias, consume high K foods, .5-2 serum levels of digoxin, avoid use of
quinidine, verapamil, thiazide, ACE can increase digoxin levels, antacids decrease
✔✔adrenergic agonists: - ✔✔epinephrine, dopamine, dobutamine, isoproterenol,
terbutaline
✔✔Epinephrine: alpha 1, beta 1 and 2 - ✔✔vacoconstrict, increase HR, heart
contraction, rate of conduction, bronchodilation helps w/ slows absorption of local
anesthetics, manages superficial bleeding, decreased congestion of nasal mucosa,
increased BP, treatment of AV block and cardiac arrest, asthma
✔✔dopamine: shock and heart failure - ✔✔low dose: renal blood dilation
moderate: beta 1: renal dilation, increase HR, myocardial contractility, increased rate of
conduction
high: all above and vasoconstriction
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔K-sparing diuretics: spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride, may take 12-48hr to
work- less strong - ✔✔hyperkalemia, endocrine effects (impotence and irregular
menstrual), no w/ kidney failure
✔✔osmotic diuretics: mannitol - ✔✔acute phase kidney injury, cerebral edema, prevent
kidney failure in shock, monitor for heart failure, kidney failure, lithium excretion is
increased
✔✔ACE inhibitors: captopril (1hr before meal), enalapril, enalaprilat (only one for IV),
fosinopril, lisinopril, ramipril, moexipril (1hr before meal): vasodilate, excrete water and
sodium - ✔✔used in: heart failure, HTN, MI, nephropathy. stop diuretic 2-3days before
ACE, dry cough, hyperkalmeia, rash and alter taste-report, angiodema, neutropenia,
can increase lithium levels, avoid use of NSAIDs
✔✔ARBs: losartan, valsartan, irbesartan, candesartan, olmesartan: dilate and excrete -
✔✔uses: HTN, prevent mortality following MI, stroke, angiodema, fetal injury, given PO
✔✔aldosterone antagonists: eplerenone, spironolactone: used w/ HTN, Heart failure -
✔✔hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, flulike manifestations-report, dizziness, can cause
lithium toxicity
✔✔Direct renin inhibitors: aliskiren, HTN - ✔✔angiodema, hyperkalemia, diarrhea- dose
related, decreases levels of furosemide, atorvastatin can increase levels, monitor for
hypotension, avoid high fat meals
✔✔calcium channel blockers: nifedipine,verapamil, diltiazem, amlodipine, felodipine,
nicardipine - ✔✔works on arteries, veins not affected
✔✔meds used for angina - ✔✔nefedipine, amlodipine, nicardipine, verapamil, diltiazem
✔✔meds used for HTN - ✔✔nifedipine,verapamil, diltiazem, amlodipine, felodipine,
nicardipine
✔✔meds used for cardiac dysrhythmias - ✔✔verapamil, diltiazem
✔✔Nifedipein - ✔✔increased HR- can give beta blocker to fix, observe for swelling (can
give diuretic), acute toxicity- monitor VS, admin. norepi, calcium, isoproterenol,
lidocaine, iv fluids, gastric lavarge- slowling HR w/ beta blockers, no grapefruit juice
, ✔✔verapamil, diltiazem - ✔✔OH and peripheral edema, constipation, cardiac
suppression, dysrhtymias, acute toxicity , increase digoxin, don't use w/ beta blockers,
avoid grapefruit juice
✔✔alpha adrenergic blockers: prazosin, doxazosin mesylate, terazosin: HTN, BPH -
✔✔start with low dose, first dose given at night, change positions slowly, use carefully
w/ antihypertensives. take med w/ food.
✔✔centrally acting alpha agonists: clonidine, guanfacine HCL, methyldopa: migrain,
ADHD, HTN, withdrawal, severe cancer pain - ✔✔drowsiness, dry mouth, rebound
hypertension so taper. dont use patch w/ scleroderma and lupus, use cautiously w/
stroke, MI, DM, depression, renal failure. careful w/ prazosin and TCAs,
✔✔Beta Blockers: - ✔✔metoprolol, atenolol, metoprolol succinate, esmolo, propranolol,
nadolol, carvedilol, labetalol: HTN, agnina, migrain, glaucoma
✔✔metoprolol and propranolol - ✔✔bradycardia, cautiously in diabetes, decreased
cardiac output- monitor and notify, AV clock- baseline ECG, OH, rebound myocardium
excitation: taper off meds: monitor clients taking beta blocker concurrently
✔✔propranolol - ✔✔avoid w/ asthma, diabetes- monitor blood glucose b/c it masks
signs of hypoglycemia
✔✔hypertensive crisis: nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, nicardipine, clevidipine, enalaprilat,
esmolol HCl - ✔✔excessive hypotension, cyanide poisoning- increased for liver issues,
reduce by giving less than 5mcg/kg/min or thiosulfate, avoid prolonged use, protect from
light, discard after 24 hr
✔✔cardiac glycosides: digoxin: treatment of heart failure and dysrhythmias -
✔✔dysrhythmias, consume high K foods, .5-2 serum levels of digoxin, avoid use of
quinidine, verapamil, thiazide, ACE can increase digoxin levels, antacids decrease
✔✔adrenergic agonists: - ✔✔epinephrine, dopamine, dobutamine, isoproterenol,
terbutaline
✔✔Epinephrine: alpha 1, beta 1 and 2 - ✔✔vacoconstrict, increase HR, heart
contraction, rate of conduction, bronchodilation helps w/ slows absorption of local
anesthetics, manages superficial bleeding, decreased congestion of nasal mucosa,
increased BP, treatment of AV block and cardiac arrest, asthma
✔✔dopamine: shock and heart failure - ✔✔low dose: renal blood dilation
moderate: beta 1: renal dilation, increase HR, myocardial contractility, increased rate of
conduction
high: all above and vasoconstriction
