NSG 6435 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2 WITH ANSWERS

NSG 6435 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2 WITH ANSWERS NSG 6435 Final Exam Study Guide 2 Expected inc in wt: birth-3 mo Expected inc in wt: 3-6 mo When does head growth occur? Expected inc in head circumference: 0-2mo Expected inc in head circumference: 2-6 mo inorganic causes of FTT Expected inc in wt: 6-12 mo Expected inc in wt: 1-2 years head circumference abnormalities Expected inc in head circumference: by 12 mo causes of microcephaly elevated ICP in peds clinical signs live vaccines Expected inc in wt: 2 yr-adolescence Expected inc in height: 0-12 mo Prevnar immunization schedule Expected inc in height: 13-24 mo Expected inc in height: 2 years to adolescence acuteLead intoxication in child chronic lead intoxication timeline for tooth eruption Till what age does child ride in rear facing car seat Nutrition in newborn 2 months sleep schedule and feeding/stooling schedule When should you introduce cows milk developmental domains Infants w/ CNS injuries show ______ and _____-_______ primitive reflexes When do primitive reflexes disappear? Gross motor milestones. Birth: 2mo: 4mo: 6mo: 9mo: 12mo: Motor development primitive reflexes(4). Postural reactions(2) Fine motor milestone: birth: 3-4mo: 4-5mo: 6-7 mo: 9 mo: 12mo: Red flags in motor development(4) Basic language milestones. 2-3mo: 6mo: 9-12mo: 12mo: 18mo: 2yr: 3yr: Ddx of speech/language delay Object permanence apparent at __ mo. This is why they get ______ _____ at 6-18mo Cerebral palsy def Classification of CP Autism clinical features(5) Med eval for hearing loss LEading causes of blindness in children colic defn Tx of uncomplicated nocturnal enuresis tx for diurnal (Day) enuresis What stage of sleep do nightmares occur? Night terrors? types of breath holding spells First sign of puberty in boys(what age) When does thelarche begin in females? What does it indicate? Menarche occurs when? how long after thelarche? Tanner Stage I Tanner stage II male Stage 3 Tanner=male Stage 4 Tanner in male Female breast development: Stage I Female breast development: Stage 2 Early adolescence cx: 10-13 y/o Female breast development: Stage 3 Middle adolescence cxs (14-17 yo) Female breast development: Stage 4 Female breast development: Stage 5 late adolescence(18-21 yo) HEADSS Physical effects of Marijuana Exam findings for Anorexia lab findings in anorexia difference between bulimia and anorexia absolute contraindications to OCP relative contraindications to OCPs primary amenorrhea defn amenorrhea w/up Gynecomastia, Etiology, Labs:, DDx, Management Testicular torsion Epididymitis: Etiology: Clinical: Dx: Management Vernix caseosa pallor in newborn Jaundice is always abnl if detected within first __ hours of birth. But common in the first few days. milia Pustular melanosis Erythema toxicum neonatorum MC vascular lesion of infancy Strawberry hemangiomas Caput succedaneum Cephalohematomas lateral neck cysts or sinuses Respiratory distress clinical signs in child Nl HR in newborn when to perform surgery on umbilical hernia? What is meconium ileus and what does it usually indicate? When does child normally pass meconium stoo l? Hydrometrocolpos Absence or hypoplasia of raidus in newborn DDX Edema of feet w/ hypoplastic nails cx of _____ and _____ syndromes Cyanosis newborn Causes of cyanosis in newborn Tests in cyanotic infant CC of resp distress in infant Clinical s/sxs RDS DDx Resp pathology affecting lungs? Airways? Tx of RDS Reason for physiologic jaundice ddx of indirect hyperbilirubinemia Ddx of hyperbilirubinemia Eval of Indirect hyperbilirubinemia complications of indirect bilirubin Congenital diaphragmatic hernia CF: Eval: Management: intestinal obstruction in neonate ddx NEC, CF: Eval: Management: INfants of DM mothers(IDM) CF: Eval: Management: Possible infection hx questions 3 mo eval of fever: labs, MC bacterial pathogens, who gets hospitalized Fever of unk origin defn and w/up MCC of FUO(Fever of unk origin) 2nd MCC of FUO 3rd MCC of FUO Lymphoma, leukemia RF for meningitis. What age is highest incidence found? CF of Meningitis Dx for meningitis bacterial early empiric abx therapy for bacterial meningitis: newborns(0-28 days) Young infants: (1-3mo) Older infants and children(3mo) Abx therapy for meningitis MC complication of meningitis other complications of meningitis besides hearing loss CSF findings for TB meningitis Causes of Aseptic meningitis Common cold viruses CF of sinusitis: MC organisms Acute, subacute and chronic sinusitis differences. Pharyngitis etiology MCCs EBV pharyngitis sxs Coxsackievirus pharyngitis cx of GABHS(Strep throat) Tx of GAS strep throat Ddx of cervical lymphadenitis(6) dx of cervical lymphadenitis Etiology of parotitis dx of parotitis Impetigo vs erysipelas etiology mcc of Toxic shock syndrome Diagnostic criteria for TSS MC viral causes of diarrheal disease Rotavirus epidemiology: CF: Dx: Managment Norwalk virus Epi: CF Dx Management causes of bloody diarrhea which bacterial infectious diarrheal diseases cause WBCs in stool HUS s/sxs Shigella tx Early CF of HIV in first year of life management of HIV + mom and possibel negative HIV status newborn which vaccine should HIV positive child not receive complications of HIV infection PCP CF tx of PCP IMO CF Dx of IMO how do you test for EBV in child 4 yo? Complications of EBV infection CF of measles(rubeola) MCC of mortality in measles infeciton. Other complications rubella CF congenital toxoplasmosis Pinworm infection CF and tx Ascaris CF and tx RMSG Etiology, Epi, CF, Labs, Dx, Managemnt Cat scratch disease Eti, CF, Dx, tx inspiratory stridor on exam think what diagnosis expiratory wheezing on exam think what diagnosis crackles/rales on exam: think what two diagnosis epiglottitis Tx of epiglottitis Croup defn, etio, CF, tx tx of croup westley croup score MC LRTI in first 2 years of life bronchiolitis etio, CF tx of bronchiolitis typical causes of PNA in 0-3 mo typical causes of PNA age 6 and above CF of PNA typical causes of PNA: 3-5 mo DDx of wheezing Ddx of recurrent or chronic wheezing in child Intermittent asthma Mild persistent asthma moderate persistent asthma severe persistent asthma Cystic fibrosis CF of Cystic fibrosis Cystic fibrosis dx CF of cystic fibrosis CLD(BPD) defn, etio an PP, CF Apnea of infancy SIDS peak incidence ages, RF, etio Vitamin A def s/sxs Vit D def s/sxs Vit E def s/sxs marasmus Kwashiorkor Vit B1 def s/sxs Celiac disease CF, eval, management Short bowel syndrome PP CF of physiologic reflux(GER) CF of pathologic reflux(GERD) intestinal anatomic obstructions that result in vomiting CF and dx of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis CF of malrotation and midgut volvulus Duodenal atresia and stenosis CF eval and management Intussusception Epi, PP, CF Tx of intussusception Chronic abdominal pain: organic and non organic(functional): organic causes normal stool patterns Functional fecal retention PP, etio, and CF Organic causes of constipation what sxs suggests organic cause of constipation Causes of UGIB LGIB causes: neonate(birth-1mo) LGIB causes: Infant/young child(1mo-2 yrs) NEC should be considered in any newborn who presernts w/? LGIB causes: preschool(2-5 yr) LGIB causes: school age(5 yr) Juvenile polys CF and incidence. Tx? Allergic colitis Elevated bilirubin causes? MCC of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia Causes of conjugated bilirubin(cholestasis) CF of cholestasis Defn of neonatal hepatits Biliary atresia: defn, CF Dx of biliary atresia Alagille syndrome viruses that cause viral hepatitis Autoimmune hepatitis Categories, defn, CF CF of autoimmune hepatitis Maintenance water requirement calculated form pts weight Parenteral rehydration occurs in two phases: Emergency phase and repletion phase Microscopic hematuria hematuria ddx Proteinuria defn Classification of proteinuria nephrotic syndrome Nephritic syndrome MCC of acute glomerulonephritis? MCC of chronic GN? CF PSGN Dx of PSGN Tx of PSGN. Does abx help dec risk of PSGN? Rheumatic fever? IgA nephropathy Etio: CF: Dx: tx: HSP nephritis Defn CF Nephrotic syndrome defn Categories of Nephrotic syndrome CF of nephrotic syndrome Dx of Nephrotic syndrome massive edema with nephrotic syndrome MCD tx HUS defn CF of HUS Alports syndrome MCC of renal mass in newborn ADPKD Epi, CF, prgnosis ETiology of HTN in children HTN in neonates and young infants HTN MCC in child 1-10 yo Adolescents MCC of HTN CF of renal failure Chronic renal insufficiency and ESRD Etiology prerenal causes of Renal failure w/ labs Renal parenchymal causes of acute renal failure w/ labs Postrenal causes of ARF and labs Congenital obstructive abnl in urinary tract Renal abnl: Renal agenesis VUR Renal dysplasia Dx of VUR Etiology of stones in childhood UTI sxs in older infants, young child, older child UA suggestive of UTI what should all children with first febrile UTI have? Children w/ recurrent UTI, pyelo, all males, all girsl 4 yo w/ cystitis? Neonate w/ UTI abx tx AFP elevation causes Triple marker to assess for trisomy conditions made up of what tests Prader Willi syndrome Angelman syndrome Noonan syndrome Velocardiofacial syndrome blue sclerae, fragile bones, yellow or gray blue teeth, easy bruisability VACTERL assoc CHARGE assoc Williams syndrome Down syndrome CF MR, hypertonia, small facial features, clenched hands, rocker bottom feet Holoprosencephaly, szs, severe MR, microphthalmic, cleft lip/palate. midline defects short stature, webbed neck, shield chest, swelling of dorsum of hands and feets, ovarian dysgenesis, L sided cardiac defects(coarctation) Klinefelters syndrome Achondroplasia Potter syndrome Fetal alcohol syndrome Cig smoking teratogen homocystinuria Cause, CF, dx Cystinuria Signs of hyperammonemia(200micromoles) PKU Inheritance, CF, Dx, Management Ornithine transcarbamylase def Galactosemia Inheritance, CF, Dx, Tx Hereditary fructose intolerance GSDs cx by _______ and ____ ______ Von Gierkes disease Pompes disease Lysosomal storage diseases tay sachs Gaucher disease Niemann pick disease porphyria CF triggers of porphyria Short stature defn diff between normal variant short stature and pathologic short stature Children who grow __ inches per year between ___ years of age and pubety usualy do not have an endocrinopathy or underlying pathologic d/o two MC categories of normal variant short stature Familial short stature consitutional short stature causes of disproportionate pathologic short stature Causes of proportionate short stature Pts w/ poor growth velocity w/ normal screening labs but low IGF-1 and delayed bone age should have w/up for…. Bone agechronologic age Bone age=chronologic age Endocrinopathies that cause short stature CF of GH deficiency onset of female puberty? Menstruation? Male puberty onset. First sign? Precocious puberty def Premature thelarche Central precocious puberty Peripheral precocious puberty Etiology of PPP Delayed puberty ages Two categoires od delayed puberty Causes of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism Causes of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism primary adrenal insufficiency Cuases of Seocndary adrenal insufficiency and s/sxs CAH MCC, s/sxs 11B hydroxylase def DKA defn and PP CF of DKA Labs in DKA Tx of DKA Etiology of central DI Etiology of Nephrogenic DI X linked recessive d/o Causes of CHF: congenital and acquired CF of CHF Tx of CHF Acyanotic congenital HD MC type of ASD MC heart lesion in Down syndrome when are large VSDs w/ pulmonary HTN usually closed? Small to mod VSDS? what are indications for intervention in AS Cyanotic congenital Heart disease Noncardiac causes of central cyanosis MC cardiac causes of central cyanosis Eval of cyanosis TOF CF of TOF Acquired heart disease ETiology of infective endocarditis Dx of Infective endocarditis signs of bacterial endocarditis: FROM JANE Etiology of Pericarditis Etiology of myocarditis dx of myocarditis DCM etiology myocarditis sxs HOCM on exam/ ECG, ECho SVT defn and PP CF of SVT management of SVT Long Qt syndrome, Etiology CF of long QT syndrome/ dx Chest pain in child CP in child ddx Cyanosis in newborn w/ L axis deviation and LVH on ECG Systolic murmur of pulmonary stenosis and RVH on ECG HSP defn, CF dx of HSP Kawasaki disease Defn and epi Dx criteria of kawasaki Other CF not diagnostic of Kawasaki labs for kawasaki disease Tx of Kawasaki JRA CF, age of onset Dx of JRA tx of JRA SOAP BRAIN MD Rhem markers of Lupus tx of lupus Dermatomyositis CF Dx of Dermatomyo Tx of Dermatomyo Rheumatic fever defn Can strep skin infections cause rheumatic fever CF of Rheumatic fever Dx of RF Labs in RF Tx of RF CF of lyme Dx of lyme seronegative spondylarthropathies Reiters disease triad Cx of seroneg spondyloarthropathies scaly skin plaque, nail pitting, onycholysis, arthritis of small/large joints Asian F adolescent or young adult, w/ systemic signs, aneurysmal dilation or thrombosis of aorta, carotid, or subclavian arteris sinusitis, hemoptysis, glomerulonephritis, systemic signs. Affects kidneys, lungs sicca syndrome(dry mouth and eyes), high titers o autoantibodies(usually ANA or RF), and CT disease CREST syndrome Erbs palsy Klumpkes palsy Nursemaids elbow Anterior shoulder dislocation Torticollis types and C Scoliosis tx DDx of back pain in child CC of back pain in child Diskitis CF, dx, tx DDH epi, CF, dx Dx of DDH tx of DDH painful Limp ddx in childhood-The joint STARTSS HOTT orther causes of limps: DDLLL labs in septic arthritis dx of transient synovitis tx of transietn synovitis Legg Calve Perthes disease CF, dx, tx SCFE epi, C, dx, tx, complications Osteomyelitis Etio, CF, dx, imaging, Tx, complications internal tibial torsion epi, CF, tx out toeing epi, etio, CF, tx when should genu varum resolve? tx if not? Blount disease epi etio, CF, dx, tx OSgood Schlatter disease patellofemoral syndrome Compression fx Salter Harris Classification for physeal fx(growth plate fxs) MCC of clavicular fx in childhood and neonates tx of clavicular fxs supracondylar fx if suspect supracondylar fx what should you not do? common types of forearm fxs Toddlers fx Hgb is ____ at birth in most newborns and normally ____ reaching physiologic _____ point between __ and __ mo of age in the term infant two MC types of microcytic, hypochromic anemias during childhood IDA MAcrocytic anemia causes microcytic hypochromic anemia causes high reticulocyte count, normocytic normochromic anemia causes low reticulocyte count normocytic normochromic anemia causes labs for aneima alpha thalassemia types and causes B-thal major Tx of B thal major Macrocytic anemias labs and MC types low reticulocyte count ddx high reticulocyte count ddx causes of microangiopathic anemia G6PD PP, triggers, CF, labs, dx, tx crises in Sickle cell disease fever in sickle cell disease pt should have what labs tx of sickle cell disease fanconi anemia CF and inheritance Diamond blackfan aanmia Acquired aplastic anemia etio, CF, labs, tx causes of secondary polycythemia RElative Polycythemia CF suggesting abnl hemostasis Eval for clotting abnl Factor VIII, IX def labs and CF vWF d/os labs and CF TCP CF and Labs Vit K def labs and CF DIC labs and CF hemophilia A etio, CF, labs, managemtent VWF disease CF, labs, tx DIC labs Plt abnl quantitative d/os ITP etio, PP, CF, labs Wiskott aldrich TAR Grading of ANC levels in neutropenia MCC of neutropenia in childhood Cyclic neutropenia CF dx ocuclocutaneous albinism, large blue gray granule in cytoplasm of neutrophils, neutropenia, blond or bronw hair w/ silver streaks Neutropenia caused by dec production(8) Neutropenia caused by inc destruction(5) CF of anaphylaxis tx of anaphylaxis Allergic rhinitis CF, defn, dx tx of allergic rhinitis Aller ic conditions in childhood atopic dermatitis defn, CF, dx dx of atopic dermatitis tx of atopic dermatitis d/os of lymphocytes IgA deficiency Dx of IgA def Ataxia telangiectasia def, CF, dx, tx 502.Digeorge syndrome: CATCH 22 Wiskott Aldrich def, etio, CF dx tx of wiskott difference between ointments, creams, lotions, and solutions Anti inflammatory topical agents tx of seborrheic dermatitis psoriasis etio CF, Tx Cx features of types of erythema multiforme cx of course of parvo morbilliform and scarlatiniform Roseola VZV infection HSV1 and HSV2 Tx of neonatal HSV and cutaneous and oral HSV causes of hypopigmentation classfication of hypotonia peripheral hypotonia causes weak cry, tongue fasciculations, bell shaped chest, frog leg posture, hypotonia, weakness, normal EOM, nl sensory bulbar weakness and paralysis 12-48 hours after ingestion, constipation first sxs, ophthalmoplegia, hyporeflexia, hypotonia, paralysis is symmetric and descending hydrocephalus defn, types, etio CF of hydrocephalus in children 5 yo what is MCC of coma? older children? b/l dilated nonreactive pupils causes b/l constricted reactive pupils eval of coma Causes of acute sz during childhood(7) Classification of szs eval of afebrile and febrile sz dx of febrile szs eplieptic syndromes(3 MC) INfantile spasms(West syndrome) benign rolandic epilepsy Intracranial and extracranial HA in childhood ddx of ataxia DDx of cerebellar ataxia(7) Acute cerebellar ataxia of childhood dx of GBS smooth philtrum, cardiac defects, MR, short nose, thin lip, flat face, microcephaly, SGA protruding tongue, clinodactyly, MR, brachycephaly, flat face, small ears, heart defects, upslanting palpebrals deafness, ocular defects, nephritis causes of amblyopia neonatal conjunctivitis(ophthalmia neonatorum) c trachomatis neonatal conjunctivitis N gonorrhoeae neonatal conjunctivits HSV neonatal conjunctivitis DDx of red teary eye in newborn red eye in older infants and children bacterial conjunctivitis causes, CF, dx Viral conjunctivits etio, CF, types hemorrhagic conjunctivitis nsg 6435 final Blepharitis etio, CF, dx, tx nasolacrimal duct obstruction(NLD obstruction) retinal hemorrhage nsg 6435 final corneal abrsion etio, CF, dx, management congenital glaucoma retinopathy of prematurity leukocoria causes congenital cataract etio tx Strabismus nsg 6435 final MCC of cardiac arrest in a child is lack of ____ supply different types of shock PE findings in shock Labs in shock Degrees of burns types of drowning CF of drowning miosis drugs mydriasis drugs drugs that cause fever labs in suspect toxic exposure management of toxin exposure ACAP poisoning management Salicylates Pathophysiology CF of salicylate posioning nsg 6435 final lab findings in salicylate posioning management of salicylate posioning 577.Pathophysiology of iron OD Management of iron OD stages of ACAP ingestion Stages of Iron toxicity CF of lead poisoning acutely tx for lead toxicity nsg 6435 final pathophysiology of caustic agents: acids and alkalis tx of caustic agents dog bites CF, tx black widow spider poisonings preterm frequent problems breast milk jaundice nsg 6435 final aundice should always be evaluated under what circumstances: Esophageal atresia w/ TEF MC assoc w/… omphalocele assoc w/ what other congenital anomalies MC obstruction in neonatal period nsg 6435 final hypoglycemia is what serum glucose concentration conditions that cause dec glucose production or substrate supply which disease presents similarly to marfans DIM PED-PKU sxs nsg 6435 final CORE-Tyrosinemia type I sxs