CALE EXAM | TOP SCORES MADE SIMPLE | TRUSTED
TEST SOLUTIONS!
Cell theory - Answer: All living organisms are made up of cells
Cells are the smallest functioning unit of living organisms
All cells come from pre-existing cells
The characteristics of living organisms - Answer: Movement - able to move towards food
and light
Sensitivity - sensitive to touch and moves away from danger
Growth - has the ability for cells to divide, grow and replace
Reproduce - can create an offspring
Exchange of gas - gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen
Excretion - can excrete waste and get rid of toxins
Nutrition - is able to input nutrition and use its diet to grow/repair
Types of cells - Answer: Prokaryotic - does not contain a nucleus or membrane bound
organelles. Unicellular. E.g. Bacteria
Eukaryotic - contains a nucleus surrounded by a membrane. Contains membrane
bound organelles. E.g. Animals, plants, fungi
Parts of Prokaryotic cell - Answer: Cell wall- support and protection, found in plant cell
only
Cell membrane - flexible barrier that regulates movement of molecules in and out of the
cell, found in all cells
Nucleus - holds DNA which controls cell activities.
Mitochondria - where energy ATP (energy currency for all cells) is produced from
glucose in cellular respiration
Chloroplast - site of photosynthesis to convert light energy into glucose.
Ribosome - site of protein synthesis
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, Cytosol - jelly fluid where many cell reactions happen
Parts of Eukaryotic cell - Answer: Endoplasmic reticulum - transports materials within
the cell. Tubular tunnels, next to nucleus.
Golgi apparatus - packages materials for storage and secretion out of the cell. Close to
the cell membrane.
Vacuole - storage area for water, starch, oils etc. Found in plants/animals. Large in plant
cells.
Lysosomes - packets of enzymes (protein chemicals that break down substances) that
are released to kill old/malfunctioning cells
Centriole - structures involved in cell division
Characteristics of LIGHT microscopes - Answer: Use lenses to bend light and magnify
images
Used to study dead or living cells in color
Cell movement can be studied. Can see cell wall, nucleus, cell membrane, chloroplasts,
cytosol; can see living cells if not stained
Characteristics of ELECTRON microscopes - Answer: Uses electron beams focused by
electromagnets to magnify and resolve.
Requires cells to be killed and chemically treated before viewing, so no movement can
be seen.
Without stain or dye, no color* can be seen.
TEM vs SEM - Answer: TEM - 1million x and through (T like Transmission)
SEM - 100,000 x and surface
Why do we stain cells? - Answer: to make certain organelles visible that are otherwise
transparent, the disadvantage of this is that cells are killed in the process.
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
TEST SOLUTIONS!
Cell theory - Answer: All living organisms are made up of cells
Cells are the smallest functioning unit of living organisms
All cells come from pre-existing cells
The characteristics of living organisms - Answer: Movement - able to move towards food
and light
Sensitivity - sensitive to touch and moves away from danger
Growth - has the ability for cells to divide, grow and replace
Reproduce - can create an offspring
Exchange of gas - gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen
Excretion - can excrete waste and get rid of toxins
Nutrition - is able to input nutrition and use its diet to grow/repair
Types of cells - Answer: Prokaryotic - does not contain a nucleus or membrane bound
organelles. Unicellular. E.g. Bacteria
Eukaryotic - contains a nucleus surrounded by a membrane. Contains membrane
bound organelles. E.g. Animals, plants, fungi
Parts of Prokaryotic cell - Answer: Cell wall- support and protection, found in plant cell
only
Cell membrane - flexible barrier that regulates movement of molecules in and out of the
cell, found in all cells
Nucleus - holds DNA which controls cell activities.
Mitochondria - where energy ATP (energy currency for all cells) is produced from
glucose in cellular respiration
Chloroplast - site of photosynthesis to convert light energy into glucose.
Ribosome - site of protein synthesis
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, Cytosol - jelly fluid where many cell reactions happen
Parts of Eukaryotic cell - Answer: Endoplasmic reticulum - transports materials within
the cell. Tubular tunnels, next to nucleus.
Golgi apparatus - packages materials for storage and secretion out of the cell. Close to
the cell membrane.
Vacuole - storage area for water, starch, oils etc. Found in plants/animals. Large in plant
cells.
Lysosomes - packets of enzymes (protein chemicals that break down substances) that
are released to kill old/malfunctioning cells
Centriole - structures involved in cell division
Characteristics of LIGHT microscopes - Answer: Use lenses to bend light and magnify
images
Used to study dead or living cells in color
Cell movement can be studied. Can see cell wall, nucleus, cell membrane, chloroplasts,
cytosol; can see living cells if not stained
Characteristics of ELECTRON microscopes - Answer: Uses electron beams focused by
electromagnets to magnify and resolve.
Requires cells to be killed and chemically treated before viewing, so no movement can
be seen.
Without stain or dye, no color* can be seen.
TEM vs SEM - Answer: TEM - 1million x and through (T like Transmission)
SEM - 100,000 x and surface
Why do we stain cells? - Answer: to make certain organelles visible that are otherwise
transparent, the disadvantage of this is that cells are killed in the process.
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
