Biology 1407 Exam questions and
answers graded A+
What was two of Darwin's objectives in Origin of Species - ANS✅✅1. Describing the unity and
diversity of life
2. relationships among organisms
All use pseudopodia for movement, three clades are radiolarians, formimiferans, cercozoans -
ANS✅✅Rhizaria
18th century mindset - ANS✅✅-Species are unchanging (static)
- Species are uniquely designed for their surroundings
-Earth is 6,000 years old (Biblical)
- Everything started in the garden of eden
18th century changing views - ANS✅✅-Fossils
-Geographic distribution
-Observations
Lamark folly - ANS✅✅Use and disuse
Inheritance of acquired charactersitics
use and disuse - ANS✅✅body parts develop with increased usage while unused parts weaken.
"Use it or lose it!"
,inheritance of acquired characteristics - ANS✅✅bodies change during their lifetimes by use and
disuse and that these changes are inherited by their offspring
Observations in South America - ANS✅✅Temperate species in SA more similar to tropical species
in SA than temperate species in Europe
Stop in Galapagos islands - ANS✅✅1. Unusual animals that were different from but resembled
mainland SA organisms
2. Animals found nowhere else in the world (endemic)
3. Several different species of mockingbirds/finches
Inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance survival and repoduction in a given environment
- ANS✅✅Adaptations
Process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at
higher rates than other individuals because of those traits - ANS✅✅Natural selection
Change of allele frequency over time - ANS✅✅Evolution
Understanding and application of the mechanisms of evolutionary change to biological problems -
ANS✅✅Evolutrionary theory
What were Darwins three ideas about the Origin of species: - ANS✅✅1. The unity of life
2. The diversity of life
3. The match between organisms and their enviroments
Unity of life and diversity of life is the - ANS✅✅tree of life
Human modifications of other species by selecting and breeding indiviuals with desirable traits -
ANS✅✅Articial selection
, All of the alleles of all the genes existing in all individuals of a population - ANS✅✅Gene pool
Evolution and Genetic Variation suggested that.. - ANS✅✅parents pass discrete units (now called
genes) to offspring to give them characteristics
Differences among individuals in the composition of their genes or other DNA segments -
ANS✅✅Genetic variation
Genetic variation must be - ANS✅✅heritable
Sources of Genetic Variation - ANS✅✅1. Mutation-most
2. Gene duplication
3. Sexual Reproduction
What is the ultimate driver of all other variation - ANS✅✅Mutation
What depends on mutation to cause variation - ANS✅✅Gene duplication
Variation from Sexual Reproduction depends on - ANS✅✅mutation to create variation
Due to independant assortment, crossing over, and random fertilization, most variation in offspring
results from gamete formation
Evolutionary change at the smallest level possible - ANS✅✅Microevolution
Five causes of microevolution - ANS✅✅1. Mutation
2. Natural selection
3. Genetic drift
4. Gene flow
5. Sexual selection
answers graded A+
What was two of Darwin's objectives in Origin of Species - ANS✅✅1. Describing the unity and
diversity of life
2. relationships among organisms
All use pseudopodia for movement, three clades are radiolarians, formimiferans, cercozoans -
ANS✅✅Rhizaria
18th century mindset - ANS✅✅-Species are unchanging (static)
- Species are uniquely designed for their surroundings
-Earth is 6,000 years old (Biblical)
- Everything started in the garden of eden
18th century changing views - ANS✅✅-Fossils
-Geographic distribution
-Observations
Lamark folly - ANS✅✅Use and disuse
Inheritance of acquired charactersitics
use and disuse - ANS✅✅body parts develop with increased usage while unused parts weaken.
"Use it or lose it!"
,inheritance of acquired characteristics - ANS✅✅bodies change during their lifetimes by use and
disuse and that these changes are inherited by their offspring
Observations in South America - ANS✅✅Temperate species in SA more similar to tropical species
in SA than temperate species in Europe
Stop in Galapagos islands - ANS✅✅1. Unusual animals that were different from but resembled
mainland SA organisms
2. Animals found nowhere else in the world (endemic)
3. Several different species of mockingbirds/finches
Inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance survival and repoduction in a given environment
- ANS✅✅Adaptations
Process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at
higher rates than other individuals because of those traits - ANS✅✅Natural selection
Change of allele frequency over time - ANS✅✅Evolution
Understanding and application of the mechanisms of evolutionary change to biological problems -
ANS✅✅Evolutrionary theory
What were Darwins three ideas about the Origin of species: - ANS✅✅1. The unity of life
2. The diversity of life
3. The match between organisms and their enviroments
Unity of life and diversity of life is the - ANS✅✅tree of life
Human modifications of other species by selecting and breeding indiviuals with desirable traits -
ANS✅✅Articial selection
, All of the alleles of all the genes existing in all individuals of a population - ANS✅✅Gene pool
Evolution and Genetic Variation suggested that.. - ANS✅✅parents pass discrete units (now called
genes) to offspring to give them characteristics
Differences among individuals in the composition of their genes or other DNA segments -
ANS✅✅Genetic variation
Genetic variation must be - ANS✅✅heritable
Sources of Genetic Variation - ANS✅✅1. Mutation-most
2. Gene duplication
3. Sexual Reproduction
What is the ultimate driver of all other variation - ANS✅✅Mutation
What depends on mutation to cause variation - ANS✅✅Gene duplication
Variation from Sexual Reproduction depends on - ANS✅✅mutation to create variation
Due to independant assortment, crossing over, and random fertilization, most variation in offspring
results from gamete formation
Evolutionary change at the smallest level possible - ANS✅✅Microevolution
Five causes of microevolution - ANS✅✅1. Mutation
2. Natural selection
3. Genetic drift
4. Gene flow
5. Sexual selection
