ISDS 351 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
What is a database? Why are they necessary? - Answer -Integrated Collection of
Logically Related Data
-Data is independent of Application Program and Storage Device
Character - Answer -Any single letter, number, symbol, or punctuation mark. (bytes)
Field - Answer -Primary key and foreign key
Record - Answer -•Related Fields with Attributes and Length (rows)
Table - Answer -Same as file
File - Answer -Grouping of Records with Classification
Primary Key - Answer -A field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given entity
in a table
Foreign key - Answer -A primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in
another table and acts to provide a logical relationship between the two tables
Referential Integrity - Answer -A value cannot exist unless it exists in its parent table
(another entity)
Metadata - Answer -Data that describes data, provides more complete description
Components of a data base? - Answer -Table, Relationships, Metadata
Data integrity - Answer -
What is a NoSQL DBMS? - Answer -NoSQL DBMS (Not Relational DBMS)
•Supports very high transaction rates
•Relatively simple data structures
•Replicated on many servers in the cloud
Examples
•Dynamo (Amazon)
•Bigtable (Google)
•Cassandra (Facebook, Uber)
Will NoSQL Replace Relational DBMS Products? - Answer -No, they can coexist and
compliment each other
, What is BI systems? - Answer -Various applications, practices, and technologies to
support improved decision making
•Employed by organizations to make and act on predictions about future conditions
Most widely used BI software - Answer -IBM, Oracle, Microsoft, SAP
Components of BI - Answer -ETL, Data warehouse, tools
ETL - Answer -Extract, Transform, Load
Data warehouse - Answer -stores large amounts of historical data in a form that readily
supports analysis and management decision making
Tools - Answer -•Spreadsheets
-Perform operations on the data based on formulas created by the end user
-Create useful reports and graphs based on that data
-"What if" analysis
•Reporting and Querying Tools
-Present data in an easy to understand fashion
-Enable end users to make their own data requests and format the results without the
need for additional help from the IT organization
•Data mining
How do organizations use data warehouses and data marts to acquire data? - Answer -
data mart - Answer -Smaller version of a data warehouse
What is data mining? - Answer -the process of analyzing data to extract information not
offered by the raw data alone
Data mining tool - Answer -uses a variety of techniques to find patterns and
relationships in large volumes of information and infers rules that predict future behavior
and guide decision making
-Classification
-Estimation
-Affinity grouping
-Clustering
Data mining steps - Answer -•Selection
•Preprocessing
•Transformation
•Actual data mining process
•Evaluation of results
Types of Data Mining - Answer -Unsupervised - Analyst does not create a priori
hypotheses or model
What is a database? Why are they necessary? - Answer -Integrated Collection of
Logically Related Data
-Data is independent of Application Program and Storage Device
Character - Answer -Any single letter, number, symbol, or punctuation mark. (bytes)
Field - Answer -Primary key and foreign key
Record - Answer -•Related Fields with Attributes and Length (rows)
Table - Answer -Same as file
File - Answer -Grouping of Records with Classification
Primary Key - Answer -A field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given entity
in a table
Foreign key - Answer -A primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in
another table and acts to provide a logical relationship between the two tables
Referential Integrity - Answer -A value cannot exist unless it exists in its parent table
(another entity)
Metadata - Answer -Data that describes data, provides more complete description
Components of a data base? - Answer -Table, Relationships, Metadata
Data integrity - Answer -
What is a NoSQL DBMS? - Answer -NoSQL DBMS (Not Relational DBMS)
•Supports very high transaction rates
•Relatively simple data structures
•Replicated on many servers in the cloud
Examples
•Dynamo (Amazon)
•Bigtable (Google)
•Cassandra (Facebook, Uber)
Will NoSQL Replace Relational DBMS Products? - Answer -No, they can coexist and
compliment each other
, What is BI systems? - Answer -Various applications, practices, and technologies to
support improved decision making
•Employed by organizations to make and act on predictions about future conditions
Most widely used BI software - Answer -IBM, Oracle, Microsoft, SAP
Components of BI - Answer -ETL, Data warehouse, tools
ETL - Answer -Extract, Transform, Load
Data warehouse - Answer -stores large amounts of historical data in a form that readily
supports analysis and management decision making
Tools - Answer -•Spreadsheets
-Perform operations on the data based on formulas created by the end user
-Create useful reports and graphs based on that data
-"What if" analysis
•Reporting and Querying Tools
-Present data in an easy to understand fashion
-Enable end users to make their own data requests and format the results without the
need for additional help from the IT organization
•Data mining
How do organizations use data warehouses and data marts to acquire data? - Answer -
data mart - Answer -Smaller version of a data warehouse
What is data mining? - Answer -the process of analyzing data to extract information not
offered by the raw data alone
Data mining tool - Answer -uses a variety of techniques to find patterns and
relationships in large volumes of information and infers rules that predict future behavior
and guide decision making
-Classification
-Estimation
-Affinity grouping
-Clustering
Data mining steps - Answer -•Selection
•Preprocessing
•Transformation
•Actual data mining process
•Evaluation of results
Types of Data Mining - Answer -Unsupervised - Analyst does not create a priori
hypotheses or model
