UNE - Microbiology Final Review LATEST VERSION
2025 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATE
2025
Section 1: Fundamentals & History
1. Who is credited with the first observation of microorganisms using
a simple microscope?
A) Louis Pasteur
B) Robert Koch
C) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
D) Joseph Lister
2. The process of using heat to kill pathogens and reduce the number
of spoilage microorganisms in beverages is called:
A) Fermentation
B) Pasteurization
C) Asepsis
D) Tyndallization
3. Robert Koch is famous for establishing:
A) The theory of spontaneous generation
B) Koch's postulates
C) The concept of vaccination
D) The use of chemical disinfectants
4. The theory that life could arise spontaneously from non-living
matter is known as:
A) Biogenesis
,B) Germ Theory of Disease
C) Spontaneous Generation
D) Cell Theory
5. Which scientist finally disproved spontaneous generation with his
swan-neck flask experiment?
A) Francesco Redi
B) Louis Pasteur
C) John Needham
D) Lazzaro Spallanzani
Section 2: Microscopy & Staining
6. Which type of microscope provides the highest magnification and
resolution?
A) Compound Light Microscope
B) Darkfield Microscope
C) Fluorescence Microscope
D) Transmission Electron Microscope
7. The primary purpose of a stain in microbiology is to:
A) Kill the microorganism
B) Increase contrast and visibility
C) Fix the specimen to the slide
D) Harden the cytoplasm
8. The Gram stain differentiates bacteria based on differences in their:
A) Cell wall structure
B) Cell membrane composition
C) Ribosomal RNA
D) Capsule presence
, 9. A Gram-positive bacterium will appear what color after a complete
Gram stain procedure?
A) Red/Pink
B) Purple
C) Green
D) Colorless
10. Which staining technique is used to identify bacteria with waxy
cell walls, like Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
A) Gram stain
B) Capsule stain
C) Endospore stain
D) Acid-fast stain
11. A special stain used to visualize bacterial structures like capsules
or flagella is typically a:
A) Simple stain
B) Differential stain
C) Negative stain
D) Gram stain
Section 3: Prokaryotic Cell Structure & Function
12. The rigid structure that provides shape and prevents osmotic lysis
in most bacteria is the:
A) Cell Membrane
B) Cell Wall
C) Capsule
D) Nucleoid
2025 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATE
2025
Section 1: Fundamentals & History
1. Who is credited with the first observation of microorganisms using
a simple microscope?
A) Louis Pasteur
B) Robert Koch
C) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
D) Joseph Lister
2. The process of using heat to kill pathogens and reduce the number
of spoilage microorganisms in beverages is called:
A) Fermentation
B) Pasteurization
C) Asepsis
D) Tyndallization
3. Robert Koch is famous for establishing:
A) The theory of spontaneous generation
B) Koch's postulates
C) The concept of vaccination
D) The use of chemical disinfectants
4. The theory that life could arise spontaneously from non-living
matter is known as:
A) Biogenesis
,B) Germ Theory of Disease
C) Spontaneous Generation
D) Cell Theory
5. Which scientist finally disproved spontaneous generation with his
swan-neck flask experiment?
A) Francesco Redi
B) Louis Pasteur
C) John Needham
D) Lazzaro Spallanzani
Section 2: Microscopy & Staining
6. Which type of microscope provides the highest magnification and
resolution?
A) Compound Light Microscope
B) Darkfield Microscope
C) Fluorescence Microscope
D) Transmission Electron Microscope
7. The primary purpose of a stain in microbiology is to:
A) Kill the microorganism
B) Increase contrast and visibility
C) Fix the specimen to the slide
D) Harden the cytoplasm
8. The Gram stain differentiates bacteria based on differences in their:
A) Cell wall structure
B) Cell membrane composition
C) Ribosomal RNA
D) Capsule presence
, 9. A Gram-positive bacterium will appear what color after a complete
Gram stain procedure?
A) Red/Pink
B) Purple
C) Green
D) Colorless
10. Which staining technique is used to identify bacteria with waxy
cell walls, like Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
A) Gram stain
B) Capsule stain
C) Endospore stain
D) Acid-fast stain
11. A special stain used to visualize bacterial structures like capsules
or flagella is typically a:
A) Simple stain
B) Differential stain
C) Negative stain
D) Gram stain
Section 3: Prokaryotic Cell Structure & Function
12. The rigid structure that provides shape and prevents osmotic lysis
in most bacteria is the:
A) Cell Membrane
B) Cell Wall
C) Capsule
D) Nucleoid
