FAU Pathophysiology Final Exam – Questions With
Comprehensive Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (63)
The most common cause of
genital ulcers in the US
Women are at greater risk
because of greater mucosal
surface area exposed
Can be passed to an infant
during childbirth if the virus is
actively being shed from the
genital tract
Pregnant women with a history of
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
genital herpes are started on
valacyclovir suppression at 36
weeks gestation
If a woman has an outbreak of
herpes when she presents in
labor, a cesarean section birth is
recommended
Disseminated neonatal infection
carries high mortality and
morbidity rates
, HIV is an enveloped retrovirus
-Specifically, the subfamily of
lentiviruses
HIV selectively attacks the CD4+ T
Lymphocytes ("T helper cells")
Human Immunodeficiency
-Also attacks Macrophages and
Virus (HIV)
dendritic cells
These cells are the immune cells
responsible for orchestrating and
coordinating the immune
response to infection
, Until CD4+ T cell count falls to a
very low level the person remains
asymptomatic
HIV can produce slowly
progressive fatal diseases like
wasting syndrome and CNS
degeneration
Classification of HIV:
-Category 1= >500 cells
-Category 2=200-499 cells
-Category 3=<200 cells
Clinical Categories:
-A=Asymptomatic
-B=immune deficiency but not
Progression of HIV
AIDS defining
-c=AIDS defining illnesses
Infections that occur in AIDS are
the direct result of viral activity
-Wasting
-Candida infections
-Leukoplakia
-Mycobacterium TB
-Pneumocystis Jiroveci
Pneumonia
-Kaposi Sarcoma
-Non-hodgkin Lymphoma
-Cervical and anal cancers
-CNS Toxoplasmosis
-HIV encephalopathy
, 1. Typical Progressors = 60%-70% develop AIDS 10-11
years after HIV infection
2. Rapid Progressors = 10%-20% progress rapidly with
development of AIDS in less than 5 years
Clinical Course of HIV
3. Slow Progressors = 5%-15% do not progress to AIDS
for more than 15 years
*Long-Term Nonprogressors = 1% infected for at least 8
years and are antiretroviral naive and have high CD4
counts and low viral loads
Also known as "Nodular Prostatic
Hyperplasia"
-Age related (most common in
75% of men over 80yrs)
-Nonmalignant enlargement of
the prostate gland
-large, discrete lesions in the
periurethral region of the
prostate rather than the
peripheral zones
Benign Prostatic
Low Urinary Tract Symptoms:
Hyperplasia
-Dynamic=related to smooth
muscle tone. Treat with Alpha
adrenergic receptor blockers
-Static = related to an increase in
prostatic size and gives rise to
symptoms:
weak urine stream
postvoid dribbling
frequency
nocturia
UTI
Hydroureter
Hydronephrosis
Comprehensive Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (63)
The most common cause of
genital ulcers in the US
Women are at greater risk
because of greater mucosal
surface area exposed
Can be passed to an infant
during childbirth if the virus is
actively being shed from the
genital tract
Pregnant women with a history of
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
genital herpes are started on
valacyclovir suppression at 36
weeks gestation
If a woman has an outbreak of
herpes when she presents in
labor, a cesarean section birth is
recommended
Disseminated neonatal infection
carries high mortality and
morbidity rates
, HIV is an enveloped retrovirus
-Specifically, the subfamily of
lentiviruses
HIV selectively attacks the CD4+ T
Lymphocytes ("T helper cells")
Human Immunodeficiency
-Also attacks Macrophages and
Virus (HIV)
dendritic cells
These cells are the immune cells
responsible for orchestrating and
coordinating the immune
response to infection
, Until CD4+ T cell count falls to a
very low level the person remains
asymptomatic
HIV can produce slowly
progressive fatal diseases like
wasting syndrome and CNS
degeneration
Classification of HIV:
-Category 1= >500 cells
-Category 2=200-499 cells
-Category 3=<200 cells
Clinical Categories:
-A=Asymptomatic
-B=immune deficiency but not
Progression of HIV
AIDS defining
-c=AIDS defining illnesses
Infections that occur in AIDS are
the direct result of viral activity
-Wasting
-Candida infections
-Leukoplakia
-Mycobacterium TB
-Pneumocystis Jiroveci
Pneumonia
-Kaposi Sarcoma
-Non-hodgkin Lymphoma
-Cervical and anal cancers
-CNS Toxoplasmosis
-HIV encephalopathy
, 1. Typical Progressors = 60%-70% develop AIDS 10-11
years after HIV infection
2. Rapid Progressors = 10%-20% progress rapidly with
development of AIDS in less than 5 years
Clinical Course of HIV
3. Slow Progressors = 5%-15% do not progress to AIDS
for more than 15 years
*Long-Term Nonprogressors = 1% infected for at least 8
years and are antiretroviral naive and have high CD4
counts and low viral loads
Also known as "Nodular Prostatic
Hyperplasia"
-Age related (most common in
75% of men over 80yrs)
-Nonmalignant enlargement of
the prostate gland
-large, discrete lesions in the
periurethral region of the
prostate rather than the
peripheral zones
Benign Prostatic
Low Urinary Tract Symptoms:
Hyperplasia
-Dynamic=related to smooth
muscle tone. Treat with Alpha
adrenergic receptor blockers
-Static = related to an increase in
prostatic size and gives rise to
symptoms:
weak urine stream
postvoid dribbling
frequency
nocturia
UTI
Hydroureter
Hydronephrosis
