NSE 212 Midterm Exam Questions With Complete Solutions
◦ Interviews Correct Answers ◦ Data in quantitative studies are
frequently numerical but can also be words
◦ -useful when the purpose is to collect information from
participants using finite set of questions
◦ -can provide anonymity
◦ Interviews -questions are asked verbally/orally using open
ended or closed ended (quantitative)
◦ Open ended- Used when the researcher wants the participants
to respond in their own words and when the researcher does not
know all the possible alternative responsesà Ex: "Are there
incentives that the Canadian Nurses Association ought to
provide for members that are not currently being provided?"
◦ Closed Ended- Question which the respondent may answer
with only a fixed number of alternative responses; many scales
use a fixed response format like the "Likert-type scale"à list of
statements which responses vary in degrees (strongly agree,
disagree, satisfied, moderately satisfied, 1 to 2, 7 to 9, etc.)
3 aspects of reliability Correct Answers 1. Stability
2. Internal Consistency
3. Equivalence
3 major kinds of validity Correct Answers Content validity
Criterion-related
Construct
5 Components of a clinical question Correct Answers • Has 5
components; EX
Population- adolescents aged 13-18, with type 1 diabetes
,Intervention- educational intervention
Comparison- standard care or no intervention
Outcome- improved knowledge about diabetes management
Time- outcome measured at 3 months after the intervention
Advantages/disadvantages of probability sampling Correct
Answers Overall, should be representative of the population
Costly and more difficult to achieve, may not always be
practical
Obtaining a full list of all elements (sampling frame) is not
always possible and because of that, this adds an element of bias
The probability of selecting a representative sample increases
The ability to generalize findings is enhanced
Aim of inquiry Correct Answers goals or specific objectives of
the research
R/T POST-POSITIVISM
Explanation, prediction, and control
Anonymity Correct Answers Researcher cannot link individuals
with the information provided.
Assessing Strength of Scientific Evidence Correct Answers •
Quality: Extent to which a study's design, implementation, and
analysis minimizes bias
• Quantity: Number of studies that have evaluated the research
question, including sample size across studies
• Consistency: Degree to which studies have similar and
different designs yet the same research question and similar
findings
,Basic versus Applied Research Correct Answers ● Basic
Research: Expand nursing knowledge (e.g. theoretical questions)
● Applied Research: Designed to solve clinical problems
clinical question Correct Answers • -Posed by consumers of
research
- First step in evidence informed practice
• - Often arise from clinical situations
• -Posed by clinicians interested in making a decision about how
to approach a patient care issue
• - Guide the nurse in searching for best available evidence to
support practice
CLINICAL QUESTION
Does the use of pain diaries in palliative care patients with
cancer, lead to improved pain control?
CNA Position Statement Correct Answers • "CNA believes that
nurses - including clinicians, educators, researchers,
administrators and policy-makers - must collaborate with other
health-care stakeholders to facilitate evidence-informed
decision-making and practice". (CNA Position Statement, 2018,
p. 1)
CNO Professional Standards Related to Research Correct
Answers • Use research to inform practice/professional service
• Seek and critique theoretical and research-based literature in
nursing, health services, etc.
• Integrate research findings into professional service and
practice
• Use research based/informed approaches for application to
practice
, Components of a Research Report Correct Answers Title
Abstract
Introduction
• Definition of the Purpose
• Literature Review and Theoretical Framework
• Hypothesis or Research Question
Methods: Research design, sample,, instruments, ethics,
procedures and data collection methods
Results: Data analysis
Discussion: Implications and conclusions
References
Conceptual Definiton Correct Answers • Similar to dictionary
definition indicating the general meaning of the concept
• Also includes how a concept is defined in the theoretical
literature
• Example:
• Pain is "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience
associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or
potential tissue damage." (International Association for the
Study of Pain)
Conceptual Framework Correct Answers Ø Researcher creates
structure to guide research
Ø Provides a map to guide study
Ø Can be based on:
Ø Review of literature
Qualitative research
◦ Interviews Correct Answers ◦ Data in quantitative studies are
frequently numerical but can also be words
◦ -useful when the purpose is to collect information from
participants using finite set of questions
◦ -can provide anonymity
◦ Interviews -questions are asked verbally/orally using open
ended or closed ended (quantitative)
◦ Open ended- Used when the researcher wants the participants
to respond in their own words and when the researcher does not
know all the possible alternative responsesà Ex: "Are there
incentives that the Canadian Nurses Association ought to
provide for members that are not currently being provided?"
◦ Closed Ended- Question which the respondent may answer
with only a fixed number of alternative responses; many scales
use a fixed response format like the "Likert-type scale"à list of
statements which responses vary in degrees (strongly agree,
disagree, satisfied, moderately satisfied, 1 to 2, 7 to 9, etc.)
3 aspects of reliability Correct Answers 1. Stability
2. Internal Consistency
3. Equivalence
3 major kinds of validity Correct Answers Content validity
Criterion-related
Construct
5 Components of a clinical question Correct Answers • Has 5
components; EX
Population- adolescents aged 13-18, with type 1 diabetes
,Intervention- educational intervention
Comparison- standard care or no intervention
Outcome- improved knowledge about diabetes management
Time- outcome measured at 3 months after the intervention
Advantages/disadvantages of probability sampling Correct
Answers Overall, should be representative of the population
Costly and more difficult to achieve, may not always be
practical
Obtaining a full list of all elements (sampling frame) is not
always possible and because of that, this adds an element of bias
The probability of selecting a representative sample increases
The ability to generalize findings is enhanced
Aim of inquiry Correct Answers goals or specific objectives of
the research
R/T POST-POSITIVISM
Explanation, prediction, and control
Anonymity Correct Answers Researcher cannot link individuals
with the information provided.
Assessing Strength of Scientific Evidence Correct Answers •
Quality: Extent to which a study's design, implementation, and
analysis minimizes bias
• Quantity: Number of studies that have evaluated the research
question, including sample size across studies
• Consistency: Degree to which studies have similar and
different designs yet the same research question and similar
findings
,Basic versus Applied Research Correct Answers ● Basic
Research: Expand nursing knowledge (e.g. theoretical questions)
● Applied Research: Designed to solve clinical problems
clinical question Correct Answers • -Posed by consumers of
research
- First step in evidence informed practice
• - Often arise from clinical situations
• -Posed by clinicians interested in making a decision about how
to approach a patient care issue
• - Guide the nurse in searching for best available evidence to
support practice
CLINICAL QUESTION
Does the use of pain diaries in palliative care patients with
cancer, lead to improved pain control?
CNA Position Statement Correct Answers • "CNA believes that
nurses - including clinicians, educators, researchers,
administrators and policy-makers - must collaborate with other
health-care stakeholders to facilitate evidence-informed
decision-making and practice". (CNA Position Statement, 2018,
p. 1)
CNO Professional Standards Related to Research Correct
Answers • Use research to inform practice/professional service
• Seek and critique theoretical and research-based literature in
nursing, health services, etc.
• Integrate research findings into professional service and
practice
• Use research based/informed approaches for application to
practice
, Components of a Research Report Correct Answers Title
Abstract
Introduction
• Definition of the Purpose
• Literature Review and Theoretical Framework
• Hypothesis or Research Question
Methods: Research design, sample,, instruments, ethics,
procedures and data collection methods
Results: Data analysis
Discussion: Implications and conclusions
References
Conceptual Definiton Correct Answers • Similar to dictionary
definition indicating the general meaning of the concept
• Also includes how a concept is defined in the theoretical
literature
• Example:
• Pain is "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience
associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or
potential tissue damage." (International Association for the
Study of Pain)
Conceptual Framework Correct Answers Ø Researcher creates
structure to guide research
Ø Provides a map to guide study
Ø Can be based on:
Ø Review of literature
Qualitative research
