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TEST BANK FOR A History of World Societies ,Twelfth Edition by Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks, Patricia Buckley Ebrey ISBN: 978-1319244552 COMPLETE GUIDE ALL CHAPTERS COVERED 100% VERIFIED A+ GRADE ASSURED!!!!!NEW LATEST UPDATE!!!!

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TEST BANK FOR A History of World Societies ,Twelfth Edition by Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks, Patricia Buckley Ebrey ISBN: 978-1319244552 COMPLETE GUIDE ALL CHAPTERS COVERED 100% VERIFIED A+ GRADE ASSURED!!!!!NEW LATEST UPDATE!!!!

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Page | 1
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, Chapter 01_Essay pn




Answer each of the following questions with an essay. Be sure to include specific examples that support
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your thesis and conclusions.
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1. What are some of the problems in using evidence from contemporary gatherer societies to study early
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humans?
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2. How did early Homo erectus spread out of East Africa into other parts of the world? Where did they
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go, and how early did they reach those places?
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3. What were the key features of Paleolithic food attainment and Paleolithic diets?
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4. What are some of the theories about gender relationships in Paleolithic societies? What changed in
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those relationships in the Neolithic period? What kinds of evidence are used in supporting or arguin
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g against these theories?
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5. What is the relationship between pastoralism, disease, and humans?
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6. How did material goods create, define, and perpetuate social hierarchies in Neolithic societies?
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Answer Key pn




1. Answer would ideally include: pn pn pn




• Because the earliest humans did not leave behind written evidence, scientists have studied more r
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ecent societies that lived by similar gathering means. However, most evidence about recent gatherer soci
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eties was written by external sources and thus includes their biases and expectations, such as the inferiori
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ty of foraging as a lifestyle. Furthermore, few modern foragers or gatherers are truly isolated from the infl
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uence of other agricultural or industrial cultures. Also, this approach assumes that gatherer
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Page | 2 pn pn

,societies are somehow static and remain unchanged over many centuries, which ignores the evidence of h
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ow adaptable such societies really are.
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2. Answer would ideally include: pn pn pn




• Homo erectus migrated out of East Africa into central Africa, and then into northern Africa. This
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migration took place 2 million years ago. As early as 1.8 million years ago, Homo erectus had spread t
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o Asia, reaching China and Java by 1.5 million years ago. These migrations took place over land, along
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coastline routes. Because sea levels were lower then, individuals could cross from the mainland of China
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to Java on foot. Homo erectus also moved northward from Africa, into Spain by 800,000 years ago and
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into Germany 500,000 years ago. In each of these places, they adapted hunting and gathering technique
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s to the local environment.
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3. Answer would ideally include: pn pn pn




• The Paleolithic diet consisted of a combination of plants and animal protein. Paleolithic peoples
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foraged for their food, engaging in what we would consider a combination of hunting, scavenging, an
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d gathering. Most of what they ate were plants. Animal protein often came from scavenged foods like i
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nsects and shellfish rather than being hunted directly. It is unknown as to whether labor was divided be
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tween genders, but in today's foraging societies, there is some division, with men engaging in hunting la
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rge animals and women responsible for gathering plants and small animals. It took between ten and tw
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enty hours per week to gather food, but this number varied depending on environmental factors and gr
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oup decisions. Because Paleolithic peoples had to forage for their diet, they expended energy and, in g
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eneral, avoided diseases common in sedentary societies. Life spans were kept in check by accidents, in
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juries, and infections. pn pn




4. Answer would ideally include: pn pn pn




• Studies of more recent foraging societies suggest that women were valued for their labor, which
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was recognized as equal to the work of men. Both men and women foraged for food, and both particip
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ated in hunting. Other scholars theorize that even in Paleolithic society one person may have emerged a
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s a leader, perhaps based on personal skill, and that this person was almost always a man. It is more cer
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tain that by the Neolithic period, after the invention of plow agriculture, society became more hierarchi
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cal and men took on more of a public, elite status. Women were limited to the home or enclosed spaces,
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and land inheritance favored men over women. Evidence for gender roles in the Neolithic period comes
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nfrom later written traditions.
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Page | 3 pn pn

, 5. Answer would ideally include: pn pn pn




• Pastoralism is the herding and raising of livestock. It requires humans to live in close contact with
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their herd animals, thus exposing humans to various animal-
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borne diseases, such as smallpox. Initially, exposure to diseases may have caused higher mortality rates i
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n pastoralist societies, but over time, humans would have developed some resistance to them. Foragers
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were not exposed to these diseases and thus did not develop any resistance to them. When a pastoralist s
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ociety encountered a forager society, this might have led the former to expose the latter to deadly pathog
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ens.



6. Answer would ideally include: pn pn pn




• The possession of material goods— pn pn pn pn



such as livestock, dwelling structures, plows, carts, and pots—
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indicated that some individuals had control over more labor. Labor was used to acquire material goods.
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The more material goods one had, the more labor one controlled. This indicated status; to control labor
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was to have a higher status than others. Having material goods gave one the ability to acquire yet more
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nmaterial goods and to continue to acquire status. Material goods, along with land, could also constitute
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nan inheritance, and thus perpetuate status into the next generation.
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Chapter 01_Matching pn




Use the following to answer questions 1-15:
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Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in
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the Definitions section.
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Terms

a. pastoralism

b. Neanderthals

c. division of labor pn pn




d. animism

e. social hierarchies
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f. patriarchy

g. Paleolithic era pn




h. Agricultural Revolution pn




g. foraging

Page | 4 pn pn

Connected book
 image
Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks, Patricia Buckley Ebrey, Roger B. Beck, Jerry Davila, Clare Haru Crowston, John P. McKay A History of World Societies, Concise, Combined Volume
Publisher: 2020 ISBN: 9781319244552 Edition: Unknown

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