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CVS PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2025/2026 BANK QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS CURRENTLY TESTING COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS /ALREADY GRADED A+

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CVS PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2025/2026 BANK QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS CURRENTLY TESTING COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS /ALREADY GRADED A+

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CVS PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2025/2026 BANK QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS CURRENTLY TESTING COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED
ANSWERS /ALREADY GRADED A+




MOA of beta-blockers - (ANSWER)Drug class which inhibits the binding of noradrenaline/adrenaline to
beta receptors



Major effects of beta blockers - (ANSWER)-Negatively inotropic (reduces force of contraction)

-Negatively chronotropic (reduces heart rate)

-Reduced juxtaglomerular renin release

-Because of this, it reduces cardiac oxygen consumption



Metoprolol and propanolol - (ANSWER)-Beta receptor antagonists

-extensive first pass metabolism, poor bio-availability

-Lipophilic so can cross blood/brain barrier (e.g. nightmares)



-olol suffix - (ANSWER)Suffix for beta-blockers



Atenolol - (ANSWER)-Beta receptor antagonist

-poor lipid solubility

-longer half life

-doesn't cross blood-brain barrier



Main therapeutic uses of beta blockers - (ANSWER)-cardiac rate control (decreases HR e.g. atrial
fibrillation)

-angina (decreases O2 demand)

-heart failure

-anxiety



Adverse effects of beta blockers - (ANSWER)-bronchospasm due to beta-2 receptor interaction

-CNS effects

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