NR507/ NR 507 FINAL EXAM (Latest 2024/
2025 Update) Advanced Pathophysiology |
Complete Guide with Questions and Verified
Answers| 100% Correct |Grade A –
Chamberlain
Pathophysiology Final
A client is brought to the emergency department semicomatose and a blood glucose
reading of 673. He is diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Blood gas results are
as follows: serum pH 7.29 and HCO3- level 19 mEq/dL; PCO2 level 32 mm Hg. The
nurse should anticipate that which of the following orders may correct this diabetic
ketosis?
A. Initiating an insulin IV infusion along with fluid replacement
B. Administering supplemental oxygen and rebreathing from a paper bag
C. Instituting a cough and deep breathing schedule for every hour while awake to
improve ventilation
D. Administration of potassium chloride
A. Initiating an insulin IV infusion along with fluid replacement
A client with diabetes and severe peripheral vascular disease has developed signs of
dry gangrene on the great toe of one foot. The client asks, "How can this happen?"
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes should the nurse explain to this
client? "More than likely, your gangrene is caused by:
A. Bacterial invasion into the foot and toe."
B. Inappropriate activation of apoptosis, which means death of your cells."
C. Metaplastic cellular changes in your toe."
D. Impaired arterial blood supply to your toe."
,B. Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
D. Impaired arterial blood supply to your toe
A client has experienced significant decreases in mobility and stamina during a 3-week
hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of the following
phenomena most likely accounts for the client's decrease in muscle function?
A. Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest
B. Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
C. Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia
D. Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling
B. Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
A client presents for a scheduled Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. The clinician who will
interpret the smear will examine cell samples for evidence of:
A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
B. The presence of unexpected cell types
C. Ischemic changes in cell samples
D. Abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field
A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
What is defined as programmed cell death?
Apoptosis
A nursing student is cleaning and changing the dressing on a client's sacral ulcer. The
student has vigorously cleansed the wound bed to remove all traces of the beefy, red
tissue that existed in the wound bed. The student has most likely removed:
A. The extracellular matrix
B. Granulation tissue
C. Stem cells
D. Necrotic tissue
B. Granulation tissue
A client has arrived in the emergency department with massive blood loss from a
lacerated liver. Knowing the physiological principles behind the capacity for cells to
regenerate, the client's body will likely:
A. Stimulate rapid proliferation of RBCs by the blood-forming progenitor cells of the
bone marrow
B. Pull fluid from the tissues to maintain a reasonable blood pressure
, C. Activate the tissue cells to start producing stem cells
D. Begin a cell cycle so stem cells can undergo numerous mitotic divisions
A. Stimulate rapid proliferation of RBCs by the blood-forming progenitor cells of the
bone marrow
A 40-year-old female has been diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma. When asked
what causes this cancer, the physician looks at the history and responds, "I see in your
history, you have had:
A. Hepatitis B related to IV drug use as a teenager."
B. Three miscarriages with no live births."
C. Numerous admissions for COPD exacerbations requiring steroids."
D. Your uterus and ovaries removed for endometriosis."
A. Hepatitis B related to IV drug use as a teenager
During a lecture on inflammation, the physiology instructor discusses the major cellular
components involved in the inflammation response. The instructor asks, "Which of the
following cells arrives early in great numbers?" The student with the correct response is:
A. Basophils
B. Lymphocytes
C. Neutrophils
D. Monocytes
C. Neutrophils
Which of the following clients is most likely to experience impaired wound healing?
A. A child whose severe cleft lip and palate have required a series of surgeries over
several months
B. A client with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and a history of poor blood sugar control
C. A client with persistent hypertension who takes a β-adrenergic blocker and a
potassium-wasting diuretic daily
D. A client who takes nebulized bronchodilators several times daily to treat chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease
B. A client with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and a history of poor blood sugar control
2025 Update) Advanced Pathophysiology |
Complete Guide with Questions and Verified
Answers| 100% Correct |Grade A –
Chamberlain
Pathophysiology Final
A client is brought to the emergency department semicomatose and a blood glucose
reading of 673. He is diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Blood gas results are
as follows: serum pH 7.29 and HCO3- level 19 mEq/dL; PCO2 level 32 mm Hg. The
nurse should anticipate that which of the following orders may correct this diabetic
ketosis?
A. Initiating an insulin IV infusion along with fluid replacement
B. Administering supplemental oxygen and rebreathing from a paper bag
C. Instituting a cough and deep breathing schedule for every hour while awake to
improve ventilation
D. Administration of potassium chloride
A. Initiating an insulin IV infusion along with fluid replacement
A client with diabetes and severe peripheral vascular disease has developed signs of
dry gangrene on the great toe of one foot. The client asks, "How can this happen?"
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes should the nurse explain to this
client? "More than likely, your gangrene is caused by:
A. Bacterial invasion into the foot and toe."
B. Inappropriate activation of apoptosis, which means death of your cells."
C. Metaplastic cellular changes in your toe."
D. Impaired arterial blood supply to your toe."
,B. Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
D. Impaired arterial blood supply to your toe
A client has experienced significant decreases in mobility and stamina during a 3-week
hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of the following
phenomena most likely accounts for the client's decrease in muscle function?
A. Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest
B. Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
C. Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia
D. Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling
B. Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
A client presents for a scheduled Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. The clinician who will
interpret the smear will examine cell samples for evidence of:
A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
B. The presence of unexpected cell types
C. Ischemic changes in cell samples
D. Abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field
A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
What is defined as programmed cell death?
Apoptosis
A nursing student is cleaning and changing the dressing on a client's sacral ulcer. The
student has vigorously cleansed the wound bed to remove all traces of the beefy, red
tissue that existed in the wound bed. The student has most likely removed:
A. The extracellular matrix
B. Granulation tissue
C. Stem cells
D. Necrotic tissue
B. Granulation tissue
A client has arrived in the emergency department with massive blood loss from a
lacerated liver. Knowing the physiological principles behind the capacity for cells to
regenerate, the client's body will likely:
A. Stimulate rapid proliferation of RBCs by the blood-forming progenitor cells of the
bone marrow
B. Pull fluid from the tissues to maintain a reasonable blood pressure
, C. Activate the tissue cells to start producing stem cells
D. Begin a cell cycle so stem cells can undergo numerous mitotic divisions
A. Stimulate rapid proliferation of RBCs by the blood-forming progenitor cells of the
bone marrow
A 40-year-old female has been diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma. When asked
what causes this cancer, the physician looks at the history and responds, "I see in your
history, you have had:
A. Hepatitis B related to IV drug use as a teenager."
B. Three miscarriages with no live births."
C. Numerous admissions for COPD exacerbations requiring steroids."
D. Your uterus and ovaries removed for endometriosis."
A. Hepatitis B related to IV drug use as a teenager
During a lecture on inflammation, the physiology instructor discusses the major cellular
components involved in the inflammation response. The instructor asks, "Which of the
following cells arrives early in great numbers?" The student with the correct response is:
A. Basophils
B. Lymphocytes
C. Neutrophils
D. Monocytes
C. Neutrophils
Which of the following clients is most likely to experience impaired wound healing?
A. A child whose severe cleft lip and palate have required a series of surgeries over
several months
B. A client with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and a history of poor blood sugar control
C. A client with persistent hypertension who takes a β-adrenergic blocker and a
potassium-wasting diuretic daily
D. A client who takes nebulized bronchodilators several times daily to treat chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease
B. A client with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and a history of poor blood sugar control
