Neurogenic Shock - Type of Shock - ANSWER 1 of 3 Distributive Shock
Vessel Problem
Losing Sympathetic System (Vagus Nerve dominant)
Spinal injury
Sympathetic Nerve Conduction Interruption
<HR
<BP (Vasodilation)
Dry below site
Pale & clammy above site
Hypothermia
O2
C-Spine
Flat Position
Dopamine
Babinski Reflex - ANSWER Feet Flex Upward & Outward (CNS Problem)
Mydriasis - ANSWER Dilated Pupils (Cardiac Arrest, Shock, Cerebral Hypoxia,
Stimulants, Epinephrine)
Miosis - ANSWER Constricted Pupils (Narcotics, CNS Disorder, Glaucoma Meds,
Bright Light)
GCS Eyes - ANSWER 4 - Alert, 3 - Verbal, 2 - Pain, 1 - Unresponsive
GCS Verbal - ANSWER 5 - Oriented, 4 - Confused, 3 - Inappropriate, 2 - Sounds, 1
- Unresponsive
GCS Motor - ANSWER 6 - Obeys, 5 - Localizes, 4 - Withdrawals, 3 - Decorticate, 2
- Decerebrate, 1 - Unresponsive
Trauma Level 1 Subject Criteria - ANSWER Physiological & Anatomical
Trauma Level 2 Subject Criteria - ANSWER MOI & Special Considerations
Aniscornia - ANSWER Unequal Pupils (Brain Injury, Stroke, Eye
Injury/Disease/Meds; it can also be normal)
Nystagmus - ANSWER Rapid Involuntary Movement (CNS Disorder/Meds)
Subcutaneous Emphysema - ANSWER Air Underskin
,Distended Neck Veins - ANSWER JVD (Tension Pneumothorax, Cardiac
Tamponade, RHF, Traumatic Asphyxiations, PEs, Emphysema, Bronchitis,
Diaphragmic Rupture) 45 Degrees
Flat Neck Veins - ANSWER (Hemothorax, Shock, Dehydration) 0 Degrees
Rales (Crackles) - Abnormal Lung Sound - ANSWER Fluid is Alveoli, Small Airway
(CHF, Pulm. Edema, Drowning, Pneumonia, COPD)
Rhonchi - Abnormal Lung Sound - ANSWER Mucus/Fluid in Bronchi, Larger Airway
(COPD, Pneumonia)
Wheezing - Abnormal Lung Sound - ANSWER Bronchoconstriction or narrowing of
bronchioles from edema (Asthma, Allergic Reaction)
Bronchial - Normal Lung Sound - ANSWER Loud, High Pitch, Hollow (Heard over
Upper Sternum)
Bronchovesciular - Normal Lung Sound - ANSWER Soft, lower pitch (Heard over
scapula/2-3rd Intercostal Space lateral to sternum
Vesicular - Normal Lung Sound - ANSWER Soft, low pitch (heard in lung periphery)
Apices - Lung Location - ANSWER Upper Lungs
Bases - Lung Location - ANSWER Lower Lungs
Apneustic - Breathing Pattern - ANSWER Long-Deep Breaths, Stopped on
Inspiration, then periods of apnea (CNS Injury, Stroke)
Biot's (Ataxic) - Breathing Pattern - ANSWER Irregular Breaths or Gasping with
Apnea (Increased ICP)
Cheyne-Stokes - Breathing Pattern - ANSWER Increasing and Decreasing in Rate
and Depth with periods of apnea (Neurological Condition)
Kussmaul's - Breathing Pattern - ANSWER Rapid and Deep Breaths (DKA)
Endometrium - ANSWER Inner lining of your uterus
Resonant - Percussion Sound - ANSWER Normal Sound
Hyperresonant - Percussion Sound - ANSWER Air in cavity (Tension
Pneumothorax, Emphysema, Asthma)
, Dull - Percussion Sound - ANSWER Something other than air in cavity
(Pneumonia, Tumor, Blood like Hemothorax)
RUQ - ANSWER Gall Bladder (Cholecystitis)
Liver (Hepatitis)
Stomach
RLQ - ANSWER Appendix (Appendicitis)
Right Ovary
Right Fallopian Tube
LUQ - ANSWER Spleen
Stomach
Pancreas (Pancreatitis)(Retroperitoneal)
Liver
LLQ - ANSWER Left Ovary
Left Fallopian Tube
Colon (Diverticulitis)
Stomach & Liver are Both in - ANSWER Upper Quadrants
Large & Small Intestine are in - ANSWER Each Quadrant (Diverticulitis)
Retroperitoneal - ANSWER Kidneys (Upper & Lower Quadrant)
Adrenal Glands (Upper Quadrants)(Superior portion of Kidneys)
Peritoneum - ANSWER membrane that lines the abdominal cavity, bag that organs
live in
Visceral Pain - ANSWER Vaguely described, pressure-like, dull, aching (Internal
Organ Damage)(Hollow Organs - Ischemia, inflammation)
Somatic Pain - ANSWER Sharp, localized, throbbing, deep breath makes it worse
(Irritation to Peritoneal Lining)
Referred Pain - ANSWER Discomfort perceived in other parts (Chest pain to jaw or
arm)
Cullen's - Abdominal Sign - ANSWER Ecchymosis around Umbilicus (Bleeding in
Abdominal Cavity)
, Kehr's - Abdominal Sign - ANSWER Ecchymosis in Flank (Bleeding from kidneys)
(hemorrhagic Pancreatitis)
Murphy's - Abdominal Sign - ANSWER RUQ Pain (Cholecystitis)
Brudzinski's - Other Sign - ANSWER Hip flexes when neck flexed (Meningeal
Irritation, Meningitis)
Hamman's - Other Sign - ANSWER Crunching, Rasping sound with Heartbeat over
Mediastinum (Spontaneous Mediastinal Emphysema, Tracheobronchial trauma)
Homan's Sign - Other Sign - ANSWER Pain in Calf while leg while straight
Kernig's - Other Sign - ANSWER Inability to extend leg when neck is flexed
(Meningeal Irritation, Meningitis)
Clubbing - ANSWER Flattening of nail, hypoxemia (COPD)
Pulse Locations - ANSWER BRACHIAL - the inner biceps or medially in the
antecubital space
RADIAL- radial artery runs along the radial bone on the thumb side of the inner wrist
FEMORAL - where the femoral artery passes alongside the inguinal ligament
POPLITEAL - where the popliteal artery passes behind the knees
POSTERIOR TIBIAL - on the medial surface of the ankle where the posterior tibial
artery passes behind the medial malleolus.
PEDIAL (dorsalis pedis) - where the dorsalis pedis artery passes over the bones of
the foot
Hematochezia - ANSWER Bloody Stool
Hemoptysis - ANSWER Coughing up Blood
Blood Pressure Formula - ANSWER CO = CO X SVR or PVR
Cardiac Output Formula - ANSWER SV x PR
Pulse Pressure Formula - ANSWER Systolic-Diastolic
Narrows (Shock)
Widens (>ICP)
Orthostatic (Tilt Test) - ANSWER Indicates Hypovolemia
Supine. Sitting, Standing
Systolic <20
Diastolic >10
HR >20
Vessel Problem
Losing Sympathetic System (Vagus Nerve dominant)
Spinal injury
Sympathetic Nerve Conduction Interruption
<HR
<BP (Vasodilation)
Dry below site
Pale & clammy above site
Hypothermia
O2
C-Spine
Flat Position
Dopamine
Babinski Reflex - ANSWER Feet Flex Upward & Outward (CNS Problem)
Mydriasis - ANSWER Dilated Pupils (Cardiac Arrest, Shock, Cerebral Hypoxia,
Stimulants, Epinephrine)
Miosis - ANSWER Constricted Pupils (Narcotics, CNS Disorder, Glaucoma Meds,
Bright Light)
GCS Eyes - ANSWER 4 - Alert, 3 - Verbal, 2 - Pain, 1 - Unresponsive
GCS Verbal - ANSWER 5 - Oriented, 4 - Confused, 3 - Inappropriate, 2 - Sounds, 1
- Unresponsive
GCS Motor - ANSWER 6 - Obeys, 5 - Localizes, 4 - Withdrawals, 3 - Decorticate, 2
- Decerebrate, 1 - Unresponsive
Trauma Level 1 Subject Criteria - ANSWER Physiological & Anatomical
Trauma Level 2 Subject Criteria - ANSWER MOI & Special Considerations
Aniscornia - ANSWER Unequal Pupils (Brain Injury, Stroke, Eye
Injury/Disease/Meds; it can also be normal)
Nystagmus - ANSWER Rapid Involuntary Movement (CNS Disorder/Meds)
Subcutaneous Emphysema - ANSWER Air Underskin
,Distended Neck Veins - ANSWER JVD (Tension Pneumothorax, Cardiac
Tamponade, RHF, Traumatic Asphyxiations, PEs, Emphysema, Bronchitis,
Diaphragmic Rupture) 45 Degrees
Flat Neck Veins - ANSWER (Hemothorax, Shock, Dehydration) 0 Degrees
Rales (Crackles) - Abnormal Lung Sound - ANSWER Fluid is Alveoli, Small Airway
(CHF, Pulm. Edema, Drowning, Pneumonia, COPD)
Rhonchi - Abnormal Lung Sound - ANSWER Mucus/Fluid in Bronchi, Larger Airway
(COPD, Pneumonia)
Wheezing - Abnormal Lung Sound - ANSWER Bronchoconstriction or narrowing of
bronchioles from edema (Asthma, Allergic Reaction)
Bronchial - Normal Lung Sound - ANSWER Loud, High Pitch, Hollow (Heard over
Upper Sternum)
Bronchovesciular - Normal Lung Sound - ANSWER Soft, lower pitch (Heard over
scapula/2-3rd Intercostal Space lateral to sternum
Vesicular - Normal Lung Sound - ANSWER Soft, low pitch (heard in lung periphery)
Apices - Lung Location - ANSWER Upper Lungs
Bases - Lung Location - ANSWER Lower Lungs
Apneustic - Breathing Pattern - ANSWER Long-Deep Breaths, Stopped on
Inspiration, then periods of apnea (CNS Injury, Stroke)
Biot's (Ataxic) - Breathing Pattern - ANSWER Irregular Breaths or Gasping with
Apnea (Increased ICP)
Cheyne-Stokes - Breathing Pattern - ANSWER Increasing and Decreasing in Rate
and Depth with periods of apnea (Neurological Condition)
Kussmaul's - Breathing Pattern - ANSWER Rapid and Deep Breaths (DKA)
Endometrium - ANSWER Inner lining of your uterus
Resonant - Percussion Sound - ANSWER Normal Sound
Hyperresonant - Percussion Sound - ANSWER Air in cavity (Tension
Pneumothorax, Emphysema, Asthma)
, Dull - Percussion Sound - ANSWER Something other than air in cavity
(Pneumonia, Tumor, Blood like Hemothorax)
RUQ - ANSWER Gall Bladder (Cholecystitis)
Liver (Hepatitis)
Stomach
RLQ - ANSWER Appendix (Appendicitis)
Right Ovary
Right Fallopian Tube
LUQ - ANSWER Spleen
Stomach
Pancreas (Pancreatitis)(Retroperitoneal)
Liver
LLQ - ANSWER Left Ovary
Left Fallopian Tube
Colon (Diverticulitis)
Stomach & Liver are Both in - ANSWER Upper Quadrants
Large & Small Intestine are in - ANSWER Each Quadrant (Diverticulitis)
Retroperitoneal - ANSWER Kidneys (Upper & Lower Quadrant)
Adrenal Glands (Upper Quadrants)(Superior portion of Kidneys)
Peritoneum - ANSWER membrane that lines the abdominal cavity, bag that organs
live in
Visceral Pain - ANSWER Vaguely described, pressure-like, dull, aching (Internal
Organ Damage)(Hollow Organs - Ischemia, inflammation)
Somatic Pain - ANSWER Sharp, localized, throbbing, deep breath makes it worse
(Irritation to Peritoneal Lining)
Referred Pain - ANSWER Discomfort perceived in other parts (Chest pain to jaw or
arm)
Cullen's - Abdominal Sign - ANSWER Ecchymosis around Umbilicus (Bleeding in
Abdominal Cavity)
, Kehr's - Abdominal Sign - ANSWER Ecchymosis in Flank (Bleeding from kidneys)
(hemorrhagic Pancreatitis)
Murphy's - Abdominal Sign - ANSWER RUQ Pain (Cholecystitis)
Brudzinski's - Other Sign - ANSWER Hip flexes when neck flexed (Meningeal
Irritation, Meningitis)
Hamman's - Other Sign - ANSWER Crunching, Rasping sound with Heartbeat over
Mediastinum (Spontaneous Mediastinal Emphysema, Tracheobronchial trauma)
Homan's Sign - Other Sign - ANSWER Pain in Calf while leg while straight
Kernig's - Other Sign - ANSWER Inability to extend leg when neck is flexed
(Meningeal Irritation, Meningitis)
Clubbing - ANSWER Flattening of nail, hypoxemia (COPD)
Pulse Locations - ANSWER BRACHIAL - the inner biceps or medially in the
antecubital space
RADIAL- radial artery runs along the radial bone on the thumb side of the inner wrist
FEMORAL - where the femoral artery passes alongside the inguinal ligament
POPLITEAL - where the popliteal artery passes behind the knees
POSTERIOR TIBIAL - on the medial surface of the ankle where the posterior tibial
artery passes behind the medial malleolus.
PEDIAL (dorsalis pedis) - where the dorsalis pedis artery passes over the bones of
the foot
Hematochezia - ANSWER Bloody Stool
Hemoptysis - ANSWER Coughing up Blood
Blood Pressure Formula - ANSWER CO = CO X SVR or PVR
Cardiac Output Formula - ANSWER SV x PR
Pulse Pressure Formula - ANSWER Systolic-Diastolic
Narrows (Shock)
Widens (>ICP)
Orthostatic (Tilt Test) - ANSWER Indicates Hypovolemia
Supine. Sitting, Standing
Systolic <20
Diastolic >10
HR >20
