Human Anatomy Exam test queries
and answers graded A+
Skeletal system - ANS✅✅bones
Structures of the Skeletal System: - ANS✅✅- bone
- cartilage
- ligaments
- other supportive connective tissues
functions of the skeletal system - ANS✅✅- frame work for the body
- support body weight
- attachment point for muscles that allows movement
- storage reservoir (Ca2+, Phosphorus)
Cartilage - ANS✅✅A connective tissue that is more flexible and resilient than bone
Chondroblasts - ANS✅✅cartilage forming cells
Chondrocytes - ANS✅✅mature cartilage tissue that occupies small spaces called lacunae and does
not have vasculature
hyaline cartilage - ANS✅✅- shiny or glassy appearance
- in the middle as far as flexibility
- example: the tip of the nose
Fibrocartilage - ANS✅✅- rigid and strong
- example: the vertebral discs
elastic cartilage - ANS✅✅- most flexible of the three types
- example: the outer structure of the ear
,functions of cartilage - ANS✅✅- support the soft tissues
- gliding surface of joints
- precursor model for bone growth
interstital growth - ANS✅✅growth from within (a long bones growth in length)
appositional growth - ANS✅✅growth from the outside (a bone's growth in diameter)
Functions of bones - ANS✅✅- structural support
- protection for the delicate organs
- attachment point for muscle
- hemopoiesis
- mineral and energy reserves
long bone - ANS✅✅- longer than they are wide
- example: femur
short bone - ANS✅✅- roughly about as wide as they are tall
- include a special type called sesamoid bone
sesamoid bone - ANS✅✅- bone formed in a tendon over a joint
- example: the patella (kneecap)
flat bone - ANS✅✅- very broad and thin bones
- example: the sternum
irregular bone - ANS✅✅- bones that do not fit into the other categories
- unique in shape
- example: vertebrae
,what are the regions of long bone - ANS✅✅- Diaphysis
- Epiphysis
- Metaphysis
Diaphysis - ANS✅✅- the shaft of a long bone that includes the meduallary cavity
meduallary cavity - ANS✅✅The space within the diaphysis of a bone that contains yellow bone
marrow
what cavity does the endostium line - ANS✅✅the meduallary cavity
Epiphysis - ANS✅✅the ends of long bone that are covered and protected by articular cartilage
articular - ANS✅✅joint
metaphysis - ANS✅✅growth zone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis during development of
a long bone
periosteum - ANS✅✅lines the outside of the bone except where articular cartilage is
nutrient foramen - ANS✅✅small opening in the middle of the external surface of the diaphysis,
through which an artery and/or nerve enters the bone to provide nourishment
osteoprogenitor cells - ANS✅✅undifferentiated cells that will become bone
osteoblasts - ANS✅✅bone forming cells that secrete osteoid (the bone forming matrix)
when does and oesteoblast become an osteocyte? - ANS✅✅when it is completely embedded in
osteoid
osteocytes - ANS✅✅mature bone cells that detect strain on the bone and "decides" if bone should
grow or regress
, osteoclasts - ANS✅✅dissolves/break bones down due to lack of stress stimulation or the body in
need of calcium
compact bone - ANS✅✅dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum
osteon - ANS✅✅A structural unit of compact bone consisting of a central canal surrounded by
concentric cylindrical lamellae of matrix.
central canal - ANS✅✅the center of the osteon that houses the arteries, veins, and nerves
concentric lamellae - ANS✅✅surrounds the central canal, has osteocytes embedded in it
Canalculi - ANS✅✅grooves that allow osteocytes to communicate with one-another
perforating canals - ANS✅✅Perpendicular to the central canal,
allow blood vessels and nerves to "weave" through different central canals
spongy bone - ANS✅✅- found deep in epiphysis
- strong but light
- contains red bone marrow used for hemopoiesis
- DOES NOT CONTAIN OSTEON
ossification - ANS✅✅the formation of bone connective tissue
intramembranous ossification - ANS✅✅- produces flat bones of the skull, some facial bones,
mandible, and central portion of clavicle
- bones develop from mesenchyme membrane
- calcification entraps osteoblasts within lacunae in bone matrix
endochondral ossification - ANS✅✅- formation of most bones from hyaline cartilage
process of endochondral ossification - ANS✅✅Steps
and answers graded A+
Skeletal system - ANS✅✅bones
Structures of the Skeletal System: - ANS✅✅- bone
- cartilage
- ligaments
- other supportive connective tissues
functions of the skeletal system - ANS✅✅- frame work for the body
- support body weight
- attachment point for muscles that allows movement
- storage reservoir (Ca2+, Phosphorus)
Cartilage - ANS✅✅A connective tissue that is more flexible and resilient than bone
Chondroblasts - ANS✅✅cartilage forming cells
Chondrocytes - ANS✅✅mature cartilage tissue that occupies small spaces called lacunae and does
not have vasculature
hyaline cartilage - ANS✅✅- shiny or glassy appearance
- in the middle as far as flexibility
- example: the tip of the nose
Fibrocartilage - ANS✅✅- rigid and strong
- example: the vertebral discs
elastic cartilage - ANS✅✅- most flexible of the three types
- example: the outer structure of the ear
,functions of cartilage - ANS✅✅- support the soft tissues
- gliding surface of joints
- precursor model for bone growth
interstital growth - ANS✅✅growth from within (a long bones growth in length)
appositional growth - ANS✅✅growth from the outside (a bone's growth in diameter)
Functions of bones - ANS✅✅- structural support
- protection for the delicate organs
- attachment point for muscle
- hemopoiesis
- mineral and energy reserves
long bone - ANS✅✅- longer than they are wide
- example: femur
short bone - ANS✅✅- roughly about as wide as they are tall
- include a special type called sesamoid bone
sesamoid bone - ANS✅✅- bone formed in a tendon over a joint
- example: the patella (kneecap)
flat bone - ANS✅✅- very broad and thin bones
- example: the sternum
irregular bone - ANS✅✅- bones that do not fit into the other categories
- unique in shape
- example: vertebrae
,what are the regions of long bone - ANS✅✅- Diaphysis
- Epiphysis
- Metaphysis
Diaphysis - ANS✅✅- the shaft of a long bone that includes the meduallary cavity
meduallary cavity - ANS✅✅The space within the diaphysis of a bone that contains yellow bone
marrow
what cavity does the endostium line - ANS✅✅the meduallary cavity
Epiphysis - ANS✅✅the ends of long bone that are covered and protected by articular cartilage
articular - ANS✅✅joint
metaphysis - ANS✅✅growth zone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis during development of
a long bone
periosteum - ANS✅✅lines the outside of the bone except where articular cartilage is
nutrient foramen - ANS✅✅small opening in the middle of the external surface of the diaphysis,
through which an artery and/or nerve enters the bone to provide nourishment
osteoprogenitor cells - ANS✅✅undifferentiated cells that will become bone
osteoblasts - ANS✅✅bone forming cells that secrete osteoid (the bone forming matrix)
when does and oesteoblast become an osteocyte? - ANS✅✅when it is completely embedded in
osteoid
osteocytes - ANS✅✅mature bone cells that detect strain on the bone and "decides" if bone should
grow or regress
, osteoclasts - ANS✅✅dissolves/break bones down due to lack of stress stimulation or the body in
need of calcium
compact bone - ANS✅✅dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum
osteon - ANS✅✅A structural unit of compact bone consisting of a central canal surrounded by
concentric cylindrical lamellae of matrix.
central canal - ANS✅✅the center of the osteon that houses the arteries, veins, and nerves
concentric lamellae - ANS✅✅surrounds the central canal, has osteocytes embedded in it
Canalculi - ANS✅✅grooves that allow osteocytes to communicate with one-another
perforating canals - ANS✅✅Perpendicular to the central canal,
allow blood vessels and nerves to "weave" through different central canals
spongy bone - ANS✅✅- found deep in epiphysis
- strong but light
- contains red bone marrow used for hemopoiesis
- DOES NOT CONTAIN OSTEON
ossification - ANS✅✅the formation of bone connective tissue
intramembranous ossification - ANS✅✅- produces flat bones of the skull, some facial bones,
mandible, and central portion of clavicle
- bones develop from mesenchyme membrane
- calcification entraps osteoblasts within lacunae in bone matrix
endochondral ossification - ANS✅✅- formation of most bones from hyaline cartilage
process of endochondral ossification - ANS✅✅Steps
