Pediatrics HESI Practice Exam (evolve)
5 5 5 5
Which5should5the5nurse5assess5last5when5examining5a55-year-old5child?
a.5Heart.
b.5Lungs.
c.5Throat.
d.5Abdomen.5-5correct5answer✔ ✔ c.5Throat.
Examination5of5the5mouth,5throat,5and5perineum5is5considered5to5be5more5invasive5tha
n5other5parts5of5a5physical5examination.5Invasive5procedures5should5be5left5for5the5end5
of5the5examination5for5a5preschooler.
The5community5health5nurse5teaches5the5parents5of5school-
age5children5about5the5need5for5fluoride5as5part5of5a5dental5health5program.5Which5stat
ement5by5the5parents5indicates5that5they5understand5the5teaching?
a.5"Excessive5amounts5of5fluoride5will5make5teeth5turn5brittle5and5yellow."
b.5"Having5our5children5brush5with5fluoride5toothpaste5is5not5effective."
c.5"Use5of5fluoride5in5water5is5mostly5effective5during5initial5tooth5formation."
d.5"Dental5caries5can5be5prevented5through5fluoridation5of5public5water."5-
correct5answer✔ ✔
5
d.5"Dental5caries5can5be5prevented5through5fluoridation5of5public5water."
Dental5caries5can5be5prevented5through5fluoridation5of5public5water.
The5nurse5is5assessing5an5infant5with5diarrhea5and5lethargy.5Which5finding5should5the5
nurse5identify5that5is5consistent5with5early5dehydration?
a.5Tachycardia.
,b.5Bradycardia.
c.5Dry5mucous5membranes.
d.5Increased5skin5turgor.5-5correct5answer✔ ✔ a.5Tachycardia.
In5early5dehydration5(during5the5first525days),5fluid5loss5occurs5first5from5the5extracellula
r5and5intravascular5fluid5spaces.5Blood5pressure5falls5and5heart5rate5increases5in5respo
nse5to5a5diminished5blood5volume.
When5conducting5a5hygiene5class5for5adolescent5girls,5it5is5important5for5the5nurse5to5in
clude5which5instruction5about5preventing5toxic5shock5syndrome?
a.5Wash5your5hands5before5inserting5a5tampon.
b.5Use5super5absorbent5tampons.
c.5Wear5cotton5underwear.
d.5Douche5following5menstruation.5-5correct5answer✔ ✔
a.5Wash5your5hands5before5inserting5a5tampon.
The5single5most5effective5means5of5preventing5infection5is5handwashing.
The5nurse5is5caring5for5an5irritable,5lethargic518-month-
old5child5who5swallowed5several5over-the-
counter5(OTC)5antihistamine5tablets5an5hour5ago.5Which5intervention5should5the5nurse5i
mplement?
a.5Initiate5gastric5lavage.
b.5Administer5naloxone.
c.5Give5a5dose5of5ipecac5syrup.
d.5Encourage5oral5intake5of5water5or5milk.5-5correct5answer✔ ✔
a.5Initiate5gastric5lavage.
,Gastric5lavage5should5be5implemented5within525hours5of5ingestion5to5ensure5gastric5re
moval5of5a5noncorrosive5substance,5such5as5an5OTC5antihistamine.
Which5sign5of5malignant5hyperthermia5should5the5nurse5assess5for5during5the5perioper
ative5period5in5a5child5receiving5general5anesthesia?
a.5Apnea.
b.5Tachypnea.
c.5Bradycardia.
d.5Decreased5blood5pressure.5-5correct5answer✔ ✔ b.5Tachypnea.
Malignant5hyperthermia,5a5potentially5fatal5autosomal5genetic5myopathy,5can5cause5a5c
hange5in5vital5signs5that5demands5immediate5attention5in5the5perioperative5period5when
these5individuals5are5exposed5to5anesthetic5agents.5Early5symptoms5of5the5disorder5in
5
clude5tachycardia5and5tachyarrhythmia,5tachypnea,5hypercarbia,5and5metabolic5and5res
piratory5acidosis.5An5elevated5temperature5is5a5late5sign5of5the5disorder.
A5child5with5a5penetrating5eye5injury5comes5to5the5school5clinic.5Which5action5should5th
e5nurse5implement?
a.5Remove5the5object5impaled5in5the5eye5and5then5apply5a5regular5eye5patch.
b.5Place5an5ice5bag5over5the5eye5until5the5healthcare5provider5is5seen
c.5.Irrigate5the5affected5eye5copiously5with5a5cool5sterile5saline5solution.
d.5Apply5a5Fox5shield5to5the5affected5eye5and5any5type5of5patch5to5the5other5eye.5-
correct5answer✔ ✔
5
d.5Apply5a5Fox5shield5to5the5affected5eye5and5any5type5of5patch5to5the5other5eye.
The5treatment5for5a5penetrating5eye5injury5is5not5to5remove5or5manipulate5the5impaled5
object,5but5to5apply5a5Fox5shield5over5the5eye,5if5available5(not5a5regular5eye5patch).5Pl
ace5an5eye5patch5over5the5unaffected5eye5to5prevent5bilateral5eye5movement.5The5child
, should5be5transported5to5the5emergency5department5immediately.5If5a5Fox5shield5is5no
5
t5available,5tape5a5paper5cup5over5the5eye5and5object.
The5nurse5is5triaging5a5child5with5a5fever5brought5to5the5emergency5department5by5the5
parents.5Which5finding5requires5the5nurse's5immediate5intervention?
a.5Prolonged5exhalations.
b.5Thick5yellow5rhinorrhea.
c.5Frequent5nonproductive5cough.
d.5Oxygen5saturation5of595%5by5pulse5oximeter.5-5correct5answer✔ ✔
a.5Prolonged5exhalations.
Prolonged5exhalation5indicates5breathing5difficulty5and5requires5immediate5intervention.
According5to5the5American5Heart5Association's5Pediatric5Advance5Life5Support5(PALS)
5
algorithm,5a5prolonged5expiration5in5a5pediatric5client5is5indicative5of5lower5airway5obstr
5
uction.
A5newborn5who5is5breastfeeding5is5diagnosed5with5galactosemia.5Which5action5should5t
he5nurse5implement?
a.5Stop5the5infant5breastfeeding.
b.5Add5amino5acids5to5breast5milk.
c.5Give5galactokinase5with5breast5milk.
d.5Substitute5a5lactose-containing5formula.5-5correct5answer✔ ✔
a.5Stop5the5infant5breastfeeding.
Galactosemia5is5a5rare5genetic5disorder5that5involves5an5inborn5error5of5carbohydrate5
metabolism5in5which5a5hepatic5enzyme,5galactokinase,5involved5in5the5conversion5of5ga
lactose5to5glucose5is5absent.5Treatment5consists5of5eliminating5all5lactose-
containing5foods,5including5breast5milk,5so5the5infant5should5stop5breastfeeding.5Soy5pr
otein5formula5is5the5feeding5of5choice5during5infancy.
5 5 5 5
Which5should5the5nurse5assess5last5when5examining5a55-year-old5child?
a.5Heart.
b.5Lungs.
c.5Throat.
d.5Abdomen.5-5correct5answer✔ ✔ c.5Throat.
Examination5of5the5mouth,5throat,5and5perineum5is5considered5to5be5more5invasive5tha
n5other5parts5of5a5physical5examination.5Invasive5procedures5should5be5left5for5the5end5
of5the5examination5for5a5preschooler.
The5community5health5nurse5teaches5the5parents5of5school-
age5children5about5the5need5for5fluoride5as5part5of5a5dental5health5program.5Which5stat
ement5by5the5parents5indicates5that5they5understand5the5teaching?
a.5"Excessive5amounts5of5fluoride5will5make5teeth5turn5brittle5and5yellow."
b.5"Having5our5children5brush5with5fluoride5toothpaste5is5not5effective."
c.5"Use5of5fluoride5in5water5is5mostly5effective5during5initial5tooth5formation."
d.5"Dental5caries5can5be5prevented5through5fluoridation5of5public5water."5-
correct5answer✔ ✔
5
d.5"Dental5caries5can5be5prevented5through5fluoridation5of5public5water."
Dental5caries5can5be5prevented5through5fluoridation5of5public5water.
The5nurse5is5assessing5an5infant5with5diarrhea5and5lethargy.5Which5finding5should5the5
nurse5identify5that5is5consistent5with5early5dehydration?
a.5Tachycardia.
,b.5Bradycardia.
c.5Dry5mucous5membranes.
d.5Increased5skin5turgor.5-5correct5answer✔ ✔ a.5Tachycardia.
In5early5dehydration5(during5the5first525days),5fluid5loss5occurs5first5from5the5extracellula
r5and5intravascular5fluid5spaces.5Blood5pressure5falls5and5heart5rate5increases5in5respo
nse5to5a5diminished5blood5volume.
When5conducting5a5hygiene5class5for5adolescent5girls,5it5is5important5for5the5nurse5to5in
clude5which5instruction5about5preventing5toxic5shock5syndrome?
a.5Wash5your5hands5before5inserting5a5tampon.
b.5Use5super5absorbent5tampons.
c.5Wear5cotton5underwear.
d.5Douche5following5menstruation.5-5correct5answer✔ ✔
a.5Wash5your5hands5before5inserting5a5tampon.
The5single5most5effective5means5of5preventing5infection5is5handwashing.
The5nurse5is5caring5for5an5irritable,5lethargic518-month-
old5child5who5swallowed5several5over-the-
counter5(OTC)5antihistamine5tablets5an5hour5ago.5Which5intervention5should5the5nurse5i
mplement?
a.5Initiate5gastric5lavage.
b.5Administer5naloxone.
c.5Give5a5dose5of5ipecac5syrup.
d.5Encourage5oral5intake5of5water5or5milk.5-5correct5answer✔ ✔
a.5Initiate5gastric5lavage.
,Gastric5lavage5should5be5implemented5within525hours5of5ingestion5to5ensure5gastric5re
moval5of5a5noncorrosive5substance,5such5as5an5OTC5antihistamine.
Which5sign5of5malignant5hyperthermia5should5the5nurse5assess5for5during5the5perioper
ative5period5in5a5child5receiving5general5anesthesia?
a.5Apnea.
b.5Tachypnea.
c.5Bradycardia.
d.5Decreased5blood5pressure.5-5correct5answer✔ ✔ b.5Tachypnea.
Malignant5hyperthermia,5a5potentially5fatal5autosomal5genetic5myopathy,5can5cause5a5c
hange5in5vital5signs5that5demands5immediate5attention5in5the5perioperative5period5when
these5individuals5are5exposed5to5anesthetic5agents.5Early5symptoms5of5the5disorder5in
5
clude5tachycardia5and5tachyarrhythmia,5tachypnea,5hypercarbia,5and5metabolic5and5res
piratory5acidosis.5An5elevated5temperature5is5a5late5sign5of5the5disorder.
A5child5with5a5penetrating5eye5injury5comes5to5the5school5clinic.5Which5action5should5th
e5nurse5implement?
a.5Remove5the5object5impaled5in5the5eye5and5then5apply5a5regular5eye5patch.
b.5Place5an5ice5bag5over5the5eye5until5the5healthcare5provider5is5seen
c.5.Irrigate5the5affected5eye5copiously5with5a5cool5sterile5saline5solution.
d.5Apply5a5Fox5shield5to5the5affected5eye5and5any5type5of5patch5to5the5other5eye.5-
correct5answer✔ ✔
5
d.5Apply5a5Fox5shield5to5the5affected5eye5and5any5type5of5patch5to5the5other5eye.
The5treatment5for5a5penetrating5eye5injury5is5not5to5remove5or5manipulate5the5impaled5
object,5but5to5apply5a5Fox5shield5over5the5eye,5if5available5(not5a5regular5eye5patch).5Pl
ace5an5eye5patch5over5the5unaffected5eye5to5prevent5bilateral5eye5movement.5The5child
, should5be5transported5to5the5emergency5department5immediately.5If5a5Fox5shield5is5no
5
t5available,5tape5a5paper5cup5over5the5eye5and5object.
The5nurse5is5triaging5a5child5with5a5fever5brought5to5the5emergency5department5by5the5
parents.5Which5finding5requires5the5nurse's5immediate5intervention?
a.5Prolonged5exhalations.
b.5Thick5yellow5rhinorrhea.
c.5Frequent5nonproductive5cough.
d.5Oxygen5saturation5of595%5by5pulse5oximeter.5-5correct5answer✔ ✔
a.5Prolonged5exhalations.
Prolonged5exhalation5indicates5breathing5difficulty5and5requires5immediate5intervention.
According5to5the5American5Heart5Association's5Pediatric5Advance5Life5Support5(PALS)
5
algorithm,5a5prolonged5expiration5in5a5pediatric5client5is5indicative5of5lower5airway5obstr
5
uction.
A5newborn5who5is5breastfeeding5is5diagnosed5with5galactosemia.5Which5action5should5t
he5nurse5implement?
a.5Stop5the5infant5breastfeeding.
b.5Add5amino5acids5to5breast5milk.
c.5Give5galactokinase5with5breast5milk.
d.5Substitute5a5lactose-containing5formula.5-5correct5answer✔ ✔
a.5Stop5the5infant5breastfeeding.
Galactosemia5is5a5rare5genetic5disorder5that5involves5an5inborn5error5of5carbohydrate5
metabolism5in5which5a5hepatic5enzyme,5galactokinase,5involved5in5the5conversion5of5ga
lactose5to5glucose5is5absent.5Treatment5consists5of5eliminating5all5lactose-
containing5foods,5including5breast5milk,5so5the5infant5should5stop5breastfeeding.5Soy5pr
otein5formula5is5the5feeding5of5choice5during5infancy.
