BIO 400: EXAM 4 DNA REPAIR 1
DNA damage - Correct Answers -abnormal chemical structure in DNA
DNA mutation - Correct Answers -change in the sequence of base pairs
Point mutation - Correct Answers -changes in 1 or a few nucleotides
Substitution: transition - Correct Answers -purine for purine, pyrimidine for pyrimidine
Substitution: transversion - Correct Answers -purine for pyrimidine, pyrimidine for purine
Indel - Correct Answers -insertion or deletion of nucleotides
Chromosome abnormality - Correct Answers -changes in number and structure of entire
chromosomes
Inherited - Correct Answers -parent to child
Acquired - Correct Answers -environmental damage, DNA replication errors
Neutral mutations - Correct Answers -eye color, birth marks
Silent mutation (synonymous mutation) - Correct Answers -base pair substitution results
in the same amino acid
Nonsense mutation - Correct Answers -nucleotide mutation results in a stop codon and
shorter polypeptide
Frameshift mutations - Correct Answers -deletions or insertions (not divisible by 3) can
change the reading frame (the grouping of codons) resulting in a completely different
translation from the original
Harmful mutations that cause genetic disorders - Correct Answers -sickle cell anemia,
down syndrome
Beneficial mutations - Correct Answers -sickle cell anemia to malaria, immunity to HIV
cancer incidence increases dramatically with - Correct Answers -age
a single nucleotide change causes what disease - Correct Answers -sickle-cell anemia
DNA damage - Correct Answers -abnormal chemical structure in DNA
DNA mutation - Correct Answers -change in the sequence of base pairs
Point mutation - Correct Answers -changes in 1 or a few nucleotides
Substitution: transition - Correct Answers -purine for purine, pyrimidine for pyrimidine
Substitution: transversion - Correct Answers -purine for pyrimidine, pyrimidine for purine
Indel - Correct Answers -insertion or deletion of nucleotides
Chromosome abnormality - Correct Answers -changes in number and structure of entire
chromosomes
Inherited - Correct Answers -parent to child
Acquired - Correct Answers -environmental damage, DNA replication errors
Neutral mutations - Correct Answers -eye color, birth marks
Silent mutation (synonymous mutation) - Correct Answers -base pair substitution results
in the same amino acid
Nonsense mutation - Correct Answers -nucleotide mutation results in a stop codon and
shorter polypeptide
Frameshift mutations - Correct Answers -deletions or insertions (not divisible by 3) can
change the reading frame (the grouping of codons) resulting in a completely different
translation from the original
Harmful mutations that cause genetic disorders - Correct Answers -sickle cell anemia,
down syndrome
Beneficial mutations - Correct Answers -sickle cell anemia to malaria, immunity to HIV
cancer incidence increases dramatically with - Correct Answers -age
a single nucleotide change causes what disease - Correct Answers -sickle-cell anemia
