BSC2085 LECTURE Exam 2 – Questions With
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Terms in this set (389)
1. Specialized cells (more than 1 cell type present)
Three basic characteristics
2. Solid extracellular protein fibers
of Connective Tissue
3. Fluid extracellular ground substance
(Fibers and ground substance), make up the matrix,
Extracellular components majority of tissue volume, determines specialized
of Connective Tissue function, slows pathogen movement and fills space
between cells
-establishing a structural framework for the body
-transporting fluids and dissolved materials
-protecting delicate organs
Functions of Connective -supporting, surrounding, and interconnecting other
Issue types of tissue
-storing energy reserves, especially in the form of
triglycerides
-defending the body from invading microorganisms
1. Connective tissue proper
general categories of
2. fluid connective tissues
connective tissues
3. supporting connective tissues
functions to connect and protect
connective tissue proper
Ex. Tendons and adipose tissue
functions in transportation
fluid connective tissue
Ex. Blood and lymph
supporting connective provides structural strength
tissues Ex. Cartilage and bone
, 1. Fibroblasts
2. Fibrocytes
3. Adipocytes
4. Mesenchymal cells
connective tissue proper
5. Macrophages
cell populations
6. Mast cells
7. Lymphocytes
8. Microphages
9. Melanocytes
The most abundant cell type
fibroblasts Found in all connective tissue proper
Secrete proteins and hyaluronan (cellular cement)
second most abundant cell type; found in all connective
fibrocytes tissue proper; maintain the fibers of connective tissue
proper
Fat cells
Each cell stores a single, large fat droplet
Adipocytes (adipose cells)
Functions as energy reserve and cushions
tissues/organs
found in many connective tissue
Mesenchylmal Cells
-responds to injuries or infection (stem cells)
respond to injury or infection
Stem cells -differentiate into fibroblasts, macrophages, etc. in
response to injury or infection
Large, amoeba-like cells of the immune system
Eat pathogens and damaged cells
Macrophages
Fixed macrophages stay in tissue
Free macrophages migrate through the tissue
stay in tissue. Frontline defense, reinforced by free
Fixed macrophages
macrophages and other cells
Free macrophages wander through tissue spaces
stimulate inflammation after injury or infection
Mast cells
-release histamine and heparin
histamine dilates blood vessels to stimulate local inflammation
anticoagulant
heparin
-prevents blood clots in areas of slow blood flow
, -leukocytes (white blood cells)
Basophils also contain histamine and heparin
-promotes inflammation much like mast cells
specialized immune cells in lymphatic (lymphoid)
system
-ex. some lymphocytes may develop into plasma cells
Lymphocytes (plasmocytes) that produce antibodies
-vaccines stimulate some lymphocytes to become
plasma cells which produces antibody proteins that
circulate in blood
Neutrophils and eosinophils
-Phagocytic white blood cells
Microphages -move through connective tissue in small numbers
-responds to signals from macrophages and mast cells
and signals from site of infection
Synthesize and store the brown pigment melanin
Melanocytes -gives tissue a dark color
-located in the eye and the dermis of the skin
The first connective tissue in embryos
Gives rise to all other connective tissues
Embryonic Connective
Are not found in adults (though many adult connective
Tissue: Mesenchyme
tissues do have mesenchymal stem cells for tissue
repair)
-Loose connective tissue found in many parts of
embryo, including umbilical cord
Mucous Connective Tissue
-Not found in adults
(Wharton's Jelly)
-Stem cells obtained from Wharton's jelly may have
therapeutic applications
-contains many adiocytes (fat cells)
-incapable of dividing in adults
-mesenchymal cells around adipose tissue can divide
Adipose Tissue and differentiate into adipocytes if there is chromic
elevation of circulating lipds
-shrinks when nutrients are scarce, cell doesn't die, can
regain when nutrients plentiful
two types of adipose tissue white and brown fat
Most common, stores fat, absorbs shock, slows heat
White Fat
loss (insulation)
, more vascularized
-widespread in fetus and infants, only small amounts in
adults
-adiposed have many mitochondria
Brown fat
-when stimulated by nervous system, fat breakdown
accelerates, releasing energy as heat
-surrounding tissues absorbs heat quickly to warm
circulation blood
Blood and lymph
Fluid connective tissues Watery matrix of dissolved proteins
Carry specific cell types (formed elements)
-Red blood cells ( erythrocytes)
-white blood cells (Leukocytes)-be careful not to
confuse leukocytes with lymphocytes (which are a
Formed elements of blood
specific type of leukocytes)
-platelets (are not whole cells but are still classified as a
formed element)
extracellular fluid includes plasma, interstitial fluid, and lymph
transport oxygen and CO2 in the blood
red blood cells -lack a nucleus
(erythrocytes) -account for about half the volume of whole blood and
give blood its color
white blood cells nucleated cells, which defrend the body from infection
(leukocytes) and disease
Eosinophils and neutrophils phagocytes (microphages)
common in the blood but are the dominant cell type in
lymphocytes
lymph, the second type of fluid connective tissue
phagocytes similar to the free macrophages in other
Monocytes
tissues
membrane-enclosed packets of cytoplasm that function
platelets in blood clotting by sealing leaks in damaged or broken
blood vessels
extracellular fluid collected from interstitial space
-leftover fluid in tissue that is not reabsored back into
the capillaries
lymph
-monitored by immune system
-transported by lymphatic (lymphoid) system
-returned to venous system (cardiovascular system)
Thorough Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (389)
1. Specialized cells (more than 1 cell type present)
Three basic characteristics
2. Solid extracellular protein fibers
of Connective Tissue
3. Fluid extracellular ground substance
(Fibers and ground substance), make up the matrix,
Extracellular components majority of tissue volume, determines specialized
of Connective Tissue function, slows pathogen movement and fills space
between cells
-establishing a structural framework for the body
-transporting fluids and dissolved materials
-protecting delicate organs
Functions of Connective -supporting, surrounding, and interconnecting other
Issue types of tissue
-storing energy reserves, especially in the form of
triglycerides
-defending the body from invading microorganisms
1. Connective tissue proper
general categories of
2. fluid connective tissues
connective tissues
3. supporting connective tissues
functions to connect and protect
connective tissue proper
Ex. Tendons and adipose tissue
functions in transportation
fluid connective tissue
Ex. Blood and lymph
supporting connective provides structural strength
tissues Ex. Cartilage and bone
, 1. Fibroblasts
2. Fibrocytes
3. Adipocytes
4. Mesenchymal cells
connective tissue proper
5. Macrophages
cell populations
6. Mast cells
7. Lymphocytes
8. Microphages
9. Melanocytes
The most abundant cell type
fibroblasts Found in all connective tissue proper
Secrete proteins and hyaluronan (cellular cement)
second most abundant cell type; found in all connective
fibrocytes tissue proper; maintain the fibers of connective tissue
proper
Fat cells
Each cell stores a single, large fat droplet
Adipocytes (adipose cells)
Functions as energy reserve and cushions
tissues/organs
found in many connective tissue
Mesenchylmal Cells
-responds to injuries or infection (stem cells)
respond to injury or infection
Stem cells -differentiate into fibroblasts, macrophages, etc. in
response to injury or infection
Large, amoeba-like cells of the immune system
Eat pathogens and damaged cells
Macrophages
Fixed macrophages stay in tissue
Free macrophages migrate through the tissue
stay in tissue. Frontline defense, reinforced by free
Fixed macrophages
macrophages and other cells
Free macrophages wander through tissue spaces
stimulate inflammation after injury or infection
Mast cells
-release histamine and heparin
histamine dilates blood vessels to stimulate local inflammation
anticoagulant
heparin
-prevents blood clots in areas of slow blood flow
, -leukocytes (white blood cells)
Basophils also contain histamine and heparin
-promotes inflammation much like mast cells
specialized immune cells in lymphatic (lymphoid)
system
-ex. some lymphocytes may develop into plasma cells
Lymphocytes (plasmocytes) that produce antibodies
-vaccines stimulate some lymphocytes to become
plasma cells which produces antibody proteins that
circulate in blood
Neutrophils and eosinophils
-Phagocytic white blood cells
Microphages -move through connective tissue in small numbers
-responds to signals from macrophages and mast cells
and signals from site of infection
Synthesize and store the brown pigment melanin
Melanocytes -gives tissue a dark color
-located in the eye and the dermis of the skin
The first connective tissue in embryos
Gives rise to all other connective tissues
Embryonic Connective
Are not found in adults (though many adult connective
Tissue: Mesenchyme
tissues do have mesenchymal stem cells for tissue
repair)
-Loose connective tissue found in many parts of
embryo, including umbilical cord
Mucous Connective Tissue
-Not found in adults
(Wharton's Jelly)
-Stem cells obtained from Wharton's jelly may have
therapeutic applications
-contains many adiocytes (fat cells)
-incapable of dividing in adults
-mesenchymal cells around adipose tissue can divide
Adipose Tissue and differentiate into adipocytes if there is chromic
elevation of circulating lipds
-shrinks when nutrients are scarce, cell doesn't die, can
regain when nutrients plentiful
two types of adipose tissue white and brown fat
Most common, stores fat, absorbs shock, slows heat
White Fat
loss (insulation)
, more vascularized
-widespread in fetus and infants, only small amounts in
adults
-adiposed have many mitochondria
Brown fat
-when stimulated by nervous system, fat breakdown
accelerates, releasing energy as heat
-surrounding tissues absorbs heat quickly to warm
circulation blood
Blood and lymph
Fluid connective tissues Watery matrix of dissolved proteins
Carry specific cell types (formed elements)
-Red blood cells ( erythrocytes)
-white blood cells (Leukocytes)-be careful not to
confuse leukocytes with lymphocytes (which are a
Formed elements of blood
specific type of leukocytes)
-platelets (are not whole cells but are still classified as a
formed element)
extracellular fluid includes plasma, interstitial fluid, and lymph
transport oxygen and CO2 in the blood
red blood cells -lack a nucleus
(erythrocytes) -account for about half the volume of whole blood and
give blood its color
white blood cells nucleated cells, which defrend the body from infection
(leukocytes) and disease
Eosinophils and neutrophils phagocytes (microphages)
common in the blood but are the dominant cell type in
lymphocytes
lymph, the second type of fluid connective tissue
phagocytes similar to the free macrophages in other
Monocytes
tissues
membrane-enclosed packets of cytoplasm that function
platelets in blood clotting by sealing leaks in damaged or broken
blood vessels
extracellular fluid collected from interstitial space
-leftover fluid in tissue that is not reabsored back into
the capillaries
lymph
-monitored by immune system
-transported by lymphatic (lymphoid) system
-returned to venous system (cardiovascular system)
