RAD 1125 FINAL EXAM REVIEW; QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS; ALREADY GRADED A; 2025
Activities used to implement EBP. - correct answer- · Research
o Experimental - examine cause-and-effect relationships between
variables under highly controlled conditions
o often conducted in a laboratory setting
o Quasi-Experimental - examine cause-and-effect relationships between
selected variables
o often conducted in clinical settings to examine the effects of nursing
interventions on patient outcomes
o Non-experimental
Descriptive
Correlational
o Qualitative
- method of research conducted to gain insight by discovering meanings
- the idea that reality is based on perceptions, which differ for each
person and change over time
Phenomenology
,o The purpose of phenomenology (both a philosophy and a research
method) is to describe experiences as they are lived by the subjects
being studied. Analysis of data provides information about the meaning
of the experience within each person's own reality (e.g., the experience
of health or of having a heart attack).
Grounded Theory
o The basis of grounded theory methodology is the discovery of how
people describe their own reality and how their beliefs are related to
their actions in a social scene. The findings are grounded in the data
from subjects and are used to formulate concepts and to generate a
theory of the experience, supported by examples from the data (e.g.,
coping with a seriously ill child).
Ethnography
o Developed by the discipline of anthropology, ethnographic research is
used to examine issues of a culture that are of interest to nursing.
Historical
o Historical research examines events of the past to increase
understanding of the nursing profession today. Many historical studies
focus on nursing leaders, but there is increasing interest in the historical
patterns of nursing practice.
· Non-Research
o Organizational experience
,- Quality Improvement
- Financial Data
o Clinical Expertise
o Patient Preferenc
ANA Code of Ethics - Principles and Negative Consequences - correct
answer- · Autonomy - self-determination; being independent and self-
governing
o Respect the rights of patients or their surrogates to make health care
decisions
· Nonmaleficence - principle of avoiding evil
o Avoid causing harm.
· Beneficence - principles of doing good
o Benefit the patient, and balance benefits against risks and harms.
· Justice - process that distributes benefits, risks, and costs fairly
o Give each his or her due; act fairly.
· Fidelity - keeping promises and commitments made to others
o Keep promises.
· Additional Principles
o Veracity - conformity to facts; accuracy
§ Habitual truthfulness
o Accountability - being responsible for one's actions
o Privacy, confidentiality - being apart from others; seclusion; secrecy
, § The patient's rights and expectations that personal health information
is shared only between professionals who need it to manage the patient
Negative Consequences:
Litigation/malpractice
Conflict
Moral distress
Substandard/Negligent Care
Discipline/ loss of license
Assessment/Data collection - correct answer- · Objective -
observable, measurable. Can be obtained via the 5 senses (sight, touch,
taste, smell, hearing) by someone other than the person experiencing
them (IE: healthcare staff)
· Subjective - Information derived from the person experiencing it
o Pain is what the PT says it is
PQRST - mnemonic
P - Provocation - What caused/causes the pain?
Q - Quality - descriptors of pain (IE: sharp, throbbing, dull, radiating, etc)
R - Region - where is it located? Is it local or diffuse?
S - Severity - Pain scales can be used to evaluate
T - Timing - Certain times of day? Before bed? After waking up?
VERIFIED ANSWERS; ALREADY GRADED A; 2025
Activities used to implement EBP. - correct answer- · Research
o Experimental - examine cause-and-effect relationships between
variables under highly controlled conditions
o often conducted in a laboratory setting
o Quasi-Experimental - examine cause-and-effect relationships between
selected variables
o often conducted in clinical settings to examine the effects of nursing
interventions on patient outcomes
o Non-experimental
Descriptive
Correlational
o Qualitative
- method of research conducted to gain insight by discovering meanings
- the idea that reality is based on perceptions, which differ for each
person and change over time
Phenomenology
,o The purpose of phenomenology (both a philosophy and a research
method) is to describe experiences as they are lived by the subjects
being studied. Analysis of data provides information about the meaning
of the experience within each person's own reality (e.g., the experience
of health or of having a heart attack).
Grounded Theory
o The basis of grounded theory methodology is the discovery of how
people describe their own reality and how their beliefs are related to
their actions in a social scene. The findings are grounded in the data
from subjects and are used to formulate concepts and to generate a
theory of the experience, supported by examples from the data (e.g.,
coping with a seriously ill child).
Ethnography
o Developed by the discipline of anthropology, ethnographic research is
used to examine issues of a culture that are of interest to nursing.
Historical
o Historical research examines events of the past to increase
understanding of the nursing profession today. Many historical studies
focus on nursing leaders, but there is increasing interest in the historical
patterns of nursing practice.
· Non-Research
o Organizational experience
,- Quality Improvement
- Financial Data
o Clinical Expertise
o Patient Preferenc
ANA Code of Ethics - Principles and Negative Consequences - correct
answer- · Autonomy - self-determination; being independent and self-
governing
o Respect the rights of patients or their surrogates to make health care
decisions
· Nonmaleficence - principle of avoiding evil
o Avoid causing harm.
· Beneficence - principles of doing good
o Benefit the patient, and balance benefits against risks and harms.
· Justice - process that distributes benefits, risks, and costs fairly
o Give each his or her due; act fairly.
· Fidelity - keeping promises and commitments made to others
o Keep promises.
· Additional Principles
o Veracity - conformity to facts; accuracy
§ Habitual truthfulness
o Accountability - being responsible for one's actions
o Privacy, confidentiality - being apart from others; seclusion; secrecy
, § The patient's rights and expectations that personal health information
is shared only between professionals who need it to manage the patient
Negative Consequences:
Litigation/malpractice
Conflict
Moral distress
Substandard/Negligent Care
Discipline/ loss of license
Assessment/Data collection - correct answer- · Objective -
observable, measurable. Can be obtained via the 5 senses (sight, touch,
taste, smell, hearing) by someone other than the person experiencing
them (IE: healthcare staff)
· Subjective - Information derived from the person experiencing it
o Pain is what the PT says it is
PQRST - mnemonic
P - Provocation - What caused/causes the pain?
Q - Quality - descriptors of pain (IE: sharp, throbbing, dull, radiating, etc)
R - Region - where is it located? Is it local or diffuse?
S - Severity - Pain scales can be used to evaluate
T - Timing - Certain times of day? Before bed? After waking up?
