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Fresenius RN Exam Questions and Correct
Answers
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system? Ans: —
2 Kidneys
2 Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Anatomical structure of kidneys, order of urine flow? Ans: —
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Kidneys produce urine which is transported by the ureters to the
bladder where it is stored and eventually excreted from the body
via the urethra.
What is a nephron? Ans: — Nephrons are the functional units of
the kidney. They are a tubular structure that filter blood to form
urine.
What are nephrons composed of? Ans: — Glomerulus and Tubules
What is a glomerulus composed of? Ans: — Tangled cluster of
capillaries surrounded by the Bowman's capsule.
How does blood enter the kidney? Ans: — Through the renal artery
What is the acronym for the 7 functions of the kidneys? Ans: — A
Wet Bed
What does A Wet Bed stand for? Ans: — A - acid base balance
maintenance
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W - water balance maintenance
E - electrolyte balance
T - toxin removal
B - blood pressure regulation
E - erythropoietin production
D - vitamin d metabolism
What is Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in the 5 stages of kidney
disease? Ans: — GFR describes the flow rate of filtered fluid
through the kidney.
GFR of the 5 stages of kidney disease? Ans: — 1. 90 or greater
2. 60-89
3. 30-59
4. 15-29
5. less than 15
Descriptions of the 5 stages of kidney disease? Ans: — 1. Normal
kidney function but urine or other abnormalities point to kidney
disease.
2. Mildly reduced kidney function, urine or other abnormalities
point to kidney disease.
3. Moderately reduced kidney function.
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4. Severely reduced kidney function.
5. Very severely reduced kidney function (also called CKD)
What are the types of kidney failure? Ans: — Acute and chronic
What can cause acute renal failure? Ans: — Drug toxicity
MVA
Dehydration
Characteristics of acute renal failure? Ans: — Sudden Onset
Severe
Usually reversible
What can cause chronic renal failure? Ans: — Diabetes
Hypertension
Glomerulonephritis
What are some characteristics of chronic renal failure? Ans: —
Slow onset
Progressive
Permanent
Other causes of Renal Failure can include: Ans: — Polycystic
Kidney Disease
Interstitial Nephritis
Goodpasture Syndrome
Wilm's Tumor
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Alport's Disease
Sickle Cell Disease
Drug Toxicity (Heroin, cocaine, NSAIDs, acetaminophen)
AIDS
Obstructions
Scleroderma
Classic signs of renal failure? Ans: — Elevated serum
BUN/creatinine, phosphorus, potassium
Anemia
Nerve damage
Yellow-gray appearance of the skin
Fluid overload
SOA
Edema
Hypertension
Proteinuria
Classic symptoms of renal failure? Ans: — Uremia
Lethargy
Weakness
© 2025 All rights reserved
Fresenius RN Exam Questions and Correct
Answers
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system? Ans: —
2 Kidneys
2 Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Anatomical structure of kidneys, order of urine flow? Ans: —
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Kidneys produce urine which is transported by the ureters to the
bladder where it is stored and eventually excreted from the body
via the urethra.
What is a nephron? Ans: — Nephrons are the functional units of
the kidney. They are a tubular structure that filter blood to form
urine.
What are nephrons composed of? Ans: — Glomerulus and Tubules
What is a glomerulus composed of? Ans: — Tangled cluster of
capillaries surrounded by the Bowman's capsule.
How does blood enter the kidney? Ans: — Through the renal artery
What is the acronym for the 7 functions of the kidneys? Ans: — A
Wet Bed
What does A Wet Bed stand for? Ans: — A - acid base balance
maintenance
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 2 | Page
W - water balance maintenance
E - electrolyte balance
T - toxin removal
B - blood pressure regulation
E - erythropoietin production
D - vitamin d metabolism
What is Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in the 5 stages of kidney
disease? Ans: — GFR describes the flow rate of filtered fluid
through the kidney.
GFR of the 5 stages of kidney disease? Ans: — 1. 90 or greater
2. 60-89
3. 30-59
4. 15-29
5. less than 15
Descriptions of the 5 stages of kidney disease? Ans: — 1. Normal
kidney function but urine or other abnormalities point to kidney
disease.
2. Mildly reduced kidney function, urine or other abnormalities
point to kidney disease.
3. Moderately reduced kidney function.
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 3 | Page
4. Severely reduced kidney function.
5. Very severely reduced kidney function (also called CKD)
What are the types of kidney failure? Ans: — Acute and chronic
What can cause acute renal failure? Ans: — Drug toxicity
MVA
Dehydration
Characteristics of acute renal failure? Ans: — Sudden Onset
Severe
Usually reversible
What can cause chronic renal failure? Ans: — Diabetes
Hypertension
Glomerulonephritis
What are some characteristics of chronic renal failure? Ans: —
Slow onset
Progressive
Permanent
Other causes of Renal Failure can include: Ans: — Polycystic
Kidney Disease
Interstitial Nephritis
Goodpasture Syndrome
Wilm's Tumor
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 4 | Page
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Alport's Disease
Sickle Cell Disease
Drug Toxicity (Heroin, cocaine, NSAIDs, acetaminophen)
AIDS
Obstructions
Scleroderma
Classic signs of renal failure? Ans: — Elevated serum
BUN/creatinine, phosphorus, potassium
Anemia
Nerve damage
Yellow-gray appearance of the skin
Fluid overload
SOA
Edema
Hypertension
Proteinuria
Classic symptoms of renal failure? Ans: — Uremia
Lethargy
Weakness
© 2025 All rights reserved
