UAMS Immunology Exam 3 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
Sum of all the attractive forces between an antigen and antibody. Relates to the
Avidity
affinity of each antibody-epitope pair
Strength of attraction depends on how well the antibody fits into the antigens
Goodness of Fit
epitope
The interaction between an antibody and Ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic bonds, and van der Waals forces
antigen depends on what type of bonds?
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, Affinity The initial attraction between the antibody Fab site and antigen epitope
Law of Mass Action Free reactants are in equilibrium with bound reactants
Primary AGN-ABY Interaction Initial AGN-ABY binding
Secondary AGN-ABY Interaction Aggregation of complexes to produce precipitation or agglutination
Tertiary AGN-ABY Interactions Reaction of body to immune complexes such as inflammation and phagocytosis
Occurs when antibodies and particulate antigens cross-link to form large, visible
Agglutination
lattices
Zone of Equivalence Number of antigen and antibody binding sites are approximately equal
Prozone Too much antibody and too little antigen causing a false negative reaction
Postzone Too much antigen and too little antibody causes a false negative reaction
Agglutination Phase 1 Sensitization. Initial Ig binding. Influenced by affinity and avidity, reversible
Agglutination Phase 2 Lattice formation. Rearrangement of ABY-AGN complex to form stable lattices
-Relative concentration of ABY and AGNs
-Temperature (IgM reacts best at 4-27C, IgG reacts best at 30-37C)
Factors impacting lattice formation
-Type of immunoglobulin (IgM reacts better than IgG, IgG needs help bridging gaps
in lattice formation)
Ionic charges on the surface of RBCs keeps them separate. Can be manipulated to
Zeta Potential
enhance reactions using centrifugation, LISS, colloids, or enzyme treatments
Known ABY (in reagent), unknown AGN (in patient sample)
Direct Agglutination or
Unknown ABY (in patient sample) and known AGN (in reagent)
Uses direct agglutination to quantify amount of antibody production. Known ABY in
Agglutination Titers patient sample with known AGN in reagent. 4 fold increase between acute and
convalescent samples is clinically significant
Passive Agglutination Also called indirect or particle agglutination
AGNs on carrier molecules such as RBCs or latex beads to improve the visibility of
Passive Agglutination
reactions
Latex beads coated with a known antigen is then mixed with serum. Positive
Passive Latex Agglutination
reactions cause visible agglutination, negative reaction causes no agglutination
Latex coated with known antigen (IgG antibody in this case) added to patient serum
that contains IgM antibody.
Rheumatoid Factor Test
IgM auto-antibody to FC portion of IgG
Carrier particles are RBCs. Mix serum containing unknown ABY with RBCs bound to
Passive Hemagglutination
AGN to produce a reaction
ABYs on carrier molecules added to patient serum containing AGN. Visible
Reverse Passive Agglutination
agglutination = positive
Reverse Passive Agglutination Issues Rheumatoid factor can cause false positive reactions
Reverse Passive Hemagglutination ABYs on RBCs added to patient serum containing AGN
Uses a bacteria as the inert particle. ABY is known and attached to bacteria, AGN in
Coagglutination
patient sample is unknown.
Based on competition between particulate and soluble antigens for limited antibody
Agglutination Inhibition
sites. Lack of agglutination is a positive reaction
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Sum of all the attractive forces between an antigen and antibody. Relates to the
Avidity
affinity of each antibody-epitope pair
Strength of attraction depends on how well the antibody fits into the antigens
Goodness of Fit
epitope
The interaction between an antibody and Ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic bonds, and van der Waals forces
antigen depends on what type of bonds?
https://quizlet.com/1015566176/uams-immunology-exam-3-flash-cards/ 1/5
, Affinity The initial attraction between the antibody Fab site and antigen epitope
Law of Mass Action Free reactants are in equilibrium with bound reactants
Primary AGN-ABY Interaction Initial AGN-ABY binding
Secondary AGN-ABY Interaction Aggregation of complexes to produce precipitation or agglutination
Tertiary AGN-ABY Interactions Reaction of body to immune complexes such as inflammation and phagocytosis
Occurs when antibodies and particulate antigens cross-link to form large, visible
Agglutination
lattices
Zone of Equivalence Number of antigen and antibody binding sites are approximately equal
Prozone Too much antibody and too little antigen causing a false negative reaction
Postzone Too much antigen and too little antibody causes a false negative reaction
Agglutination Phase 1 Sensitization. Initial Ig binding. Influenced by affinity and avidity, reversible
Agglutination Phase 2 Lattice formation. Rearrangement of ABY-AGN complex to form stable lattices
-Relative concentration of ABY and AGNs
-Temperature (IgM reacts best at 4-27C, IgG reacts best at 30-37C)
Factors impacting lattice formation
-Type of immunoglobulin (IgM reacts better than IgG, IgG needs help bridging gaps
in lattice formation)
Ionic charges on the surface of RBCs keeps them separate. Can be manipulated to
Zeta Potential
enhance reactions using centrifugation, LISS, colloids, or enzyme treatments
Known ABY (in reagent), unknown AGN (in patient sample)
Direct Agglutination or
Unknown ABY (in patient sample) and known AGN (in reagent)
Uses direct agglutination to quantify amount of antibody production. Known ABY in
Agglutination Titers patient sample with known AGN in reagent. 4 fold increase between acute and
convalescent samples is clinically significant
Passive Agglutination Also called indirect or particle agglutination
AGNs on carrier molecules such as RBCs or latex beads to improve the visibility of
Passive Agglutination
reactions
Latex beads coated with a known antigen is then mixed with serum. Positive
Passive Latex Agglutination
reactions cause visible agglutination, negative reaction causes no agglutination
Latex coated with known antigen (IgG antibody in this case) added to patient serum
that contains IgM antibody.
Rheumatoid Factor Test
IgM auto-antibody to FC portion of IgG
Carrier particles are RBCs. Mix serum containing unknown ABY with RBCs bound to
Passive Hemagglutination
AGN to produce a reaction
ABYs on carrier molecules added to patient serum containing AGN. Visible
Reverse Passive Agglutination
agglutination = positive
Reverse Passive Agglutination Issues Rheumatoid factor can cause false positive reactions
Reverse Passive Hemagglutination ABYs on RBCs added to patient serum containing AGN
Uses a bacteria as the inert particle. ABY is known and attached to bacteria, AGN in
Coagglutination
patient sample is unknown.
Based on competition between particulate and soluble antigens for limited antibody
Agglutination Inhibition
sites. Lack of agglutination is a positive reaction
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