CEN Cardiovascular Emergencies UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
HR x SV cardiac output =
Tachycardia is the primary compensatory mechanism for low
Pediatric cardiac output in ______ patients since they are unable to
increase their stroke volume.
_____________ is a late sign and ________ is an ominous sign of low CO
hypotension, bradycardia
in pediatrics.
Stroke Volume this is influenced by contractility, preload and after load
, preload (evaluated by) Central venous pressure on the right.
afterload (evaluated by) systemic vascular resistance
preload (decreased when) hypovolemia, vasodilators (think nitro, morphine)
preload (increased when) volume and vasoconstrictors (think epi, norepi)
increase with fluids, blood
preload (treatment)
decrease with diuretics (lasix)
in distributive shock (neurogenic, septic, anaphylactic) and
afterload (decreased when)
vasodilators (nitro)
Decreased: vasopressors (norepi)
afterload (treatment) Increased: in hypertension, aortic stenosis, and other shock
compensation. Nitro
stimulation of this causes release of catecholamines epinephrine,
norepinephrine which INCREASES HR in response to shock.
sympathetic nervous system
Adrenal glands releases these, increasing blood sugar through
glycogenolysis.
Adrenal glands release catecholamines like epi and norepi
stimulation decreases HR, like a vagal response and also seen in
parasympathetic nervous system
neurogenic shock, which is blocked SNS, unopposed PNS
(2x DBP) + SBP / 3 MAP
pulse pressure difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
seen in......
narrowed Pulse Pressure early shock
cardiac tamponade
seen in...
widened pulse pressure
increased ICP
indicative of increased ICP
WIDE PP
cushing's triad
Irregular RR
Bradycardia
affect HR at SA node
Chronotropes
*Cardizem = a negative one of these
affect contractility (force of contraction
Inotropes
*Dopamine and dobutamine are positive these
Dromotropes affect automaticity (electrical impulse) at the AV node
olol's
May mask signs of shock and hypoglycemia
Beta Blockers
1: heart
2: heart and lungs
affect RAAS, blocks conversion of AT 1 to AT2
ACE inhibitors ex. lisinopril, lotensin, vasotec
AE: dry cough, angioedema
sartans Avapro, cozaar, diovan
ARBs
inhibits AT2 receptors, resulting in vasodilation and lower BP
Cardizem, controls rate in AFib and HTN,
Calcium Channel Blockers Norvasc
Nifedipinie
Questions and CORRECT Answers
HR x SV cardiac output =
Tachycardia is the primary compensatory mechanism for low
Pediatric cardiac output in ______ patients since they are unable to
increase their stroke volume.
_____________ is a late sign and ________ is an ominous sign of low CO
hypotension, bradycardia
in pediatrics.
Stroke Volume this is influenced by contractility, preload and after load
, preload (evaluated by) Central venous pressure on the right.
afterload (evaluated by) systemic vascular resistance
preload (decreased when) hypovolemia, vasodilators (think nitro, morphine)
preload (increased when) volume and vasoconstrictors (think epi, norepi)
increase with fluids, blood
preload (treatment)
decrease with diuretics (lasix)
in distributive shock (neurogenic, septic, anaphylactic) and
afterload (decreased when)
vasodilators (nitro)
Decreased: vasopressors (norepi)
afterload (treatment) Increased: in hypertension, aortic stenosis, and other shock
compensation. Nitro
stimulation of this causes release of catecholamines epinephrine,
norepinephrine which INCREASES HR in response to shock.
sympathetic nervous system
Adrenal glands releases these, increasing blood sugar through
glycogenolysis.
Adrenal glands release catecholamines like epi and norepi
stimulation decreases HR, like a vagal response and also seen in
parasympathetic nervous system
neurogenic shock, which is blocked SNS, unopposed PNS
(2x DBP) + SBP / 3 MAP
pulse pressure difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
seen in......
narrowed Pulse Pressure early shock
cardiac tamponade
seen in...
widened pulse pressure
increased ICP
indicative of increased ICP
WIDE PP
cushing's triad
Irregular RR
Bradycardia
affect HR at SA node
Chronotropes
*Cardizem = a negative one of these
affect contractility (force of contraction
Inotropes
*Dopamine and dobutamine are positive these
Dromotropes affect automaticity (electrical impulse) at the AV node
olol's
May mask signs of shock and hypoglycemia
Beta Blockers
1: heart
2: heart and lungs
affect RAAS, blocks conversion of AT 1 to AT2
ACE inhibitors ex. lisinopril, lotensin, vasotec
AE: dry cough, angioedema
sartans Avapro, cozaar, diovan
ARBs
inhibits AT2 receptors, resulting in vasodilation and lower BP
Cardizem, controls rate in AFib and HTN,
Calcium Channel Blockers Norvasc
Nifedipinie
