CEN Cardiovascular Emergencies UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Amount of blood ejected from left ventricle each minute
Cardiac Output (CO) Normal: 4-8 LPM
stroke volume * heart rate
The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction.
Stroke Volume Normal: 50-100 mL per contraction
Components: preload, afterload, and contractility
, Volume of blood in ventricles during diastole (creating the
pressure for systolic contraction)
Preload
Right ventricle: CVP (invasive) or JVD (non-invasive)
Left ventricle: PWP ( invasive) or lung sounds (non-invasive)
the amount of resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricle
during systole
Afterload too much -> not enough blood out
not enough -> aortic valve won't close - leaky
MAP
mean arterial pressure
average pressure in the arterial system over the entire cardiac
MAP cycle
[(2 x DBP) + SBP)]/3
80s or 90s healthy
force of contraction
Contractility
represented by EF
represented by pressures in the pulmonary circulation (PAWP)
Right Ventricular Afterload invasive measurement: CVP
noninvasive measurement: JVD
represented by the pt's MAP
Left Ventricular Afterload invasive measurement: pulmonary wedge pressure
noninvasive measurement: lung sounds
chronotropes
Meds that affect HR
dromotropes
drugs which influence heart rate
Chronotrope
affect HR at SA node
drugs that affect HR via automaticity (speed @ which electricity
flows through heart)
Dromotrope
Negative dromotrope will decrease automaticity and in turn, that
will decrease HR
Meds that affect contractility inotropes
Inotrope drugs that influence contractility
- any HR low enough to cause symptoms (hypotension,
pulmonary congestion, dizziness, shock, ongoing CP, SOB, heart
Bradycardia failure, weakness, fatigue, acute AMS)
- first line tx: Atropine, transcutaneous pacing
- 2nd line: Epinephrine & Dopamine
Sinus Brady waveforms appear normal but HR < 60 bpm
HR 40-60 bpm w/ either inverted P waves before or after the
Junctional Rhythm
QRS complex or absent P waves
Wenckebach Heart Block elongating distance b/w P waves & QRS complex
presence of P waves w/o corresponding QRS complexes after
Mobitz Type II Heart Block
each one
regular R waves and regular QRS complexes that are not
Third Degree Heart Block
coordinated (HR usually less than 40 bpm)
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Amount of blood ejected from left ventricle each minute
Cardiac Output (CO) Normal: 4-8 LPM
stroke volume * heart rate
The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction.
Stroke Volume Normal: 50-100 mL per contraction
Components: preload, afterload, and contractility
, Volume of blood in ventricles during diastole (creating the
pressure for systolic contraction)
Preload
Right ventricle: CVP (invasive) or JVD (non-invasive)
Left ventricle: PWP ( invasive) or lung sounds (non-invasive)
the amount of resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricle
during systole
Afterload too much -> not enough blood out
not enough -> aortic valve won't close - leaky
MAP
mean arterial pressure
average pressure in the arterial system over the entire cardiac
MAP cycle
[(2 x DBP) + SBP)]/3
80s or 90s healthy
force of contraction
Contractility
represented by EF
represented by pressures in the pulmonary circulation (PAWP)
Right Ventricular Afterload invasive measurement: CVP
noninvasive measurement: JVD
represented by the pt's MAP
Left Ventricular Afterload invasive measurement: pulmonary wedge pressure
noninvasive measurement: lung sounds
chronotropes
Meds that affect HR
dromotropes
drugs which influence heart rate
Chronotrope
affect HR at SA node
drugs that affect HR via automaticity (speed @ which electricity
flows through heart)
Dromotrope
Negative dromotrope will decrease automaticity and in turn, that
will decrease HR
Meds that affect contractility inotropes
Inotrope drugs that influence contractility
- any HR low enough to cause symptoms (hypotension,
pulmonary congestion, dizziness, shock, ongoing CP, SOB, heart
Bradycardia failure, weakness, fatigue, acute AMS)
- first line tx: Atropine, transcutaneous pacing
- 2nd line: Epinephrine & Dopamine
Sinus Brady waveforms appear normal but HR < 60 bpm
HR 40-60 bpm w/ either inverted P waves before or after the
Junctional Rhythm
QRS complex or absent P waves
Wenckebach Heart Block elongating distance b/w P waves & QRS complex
presence of P waves w/o corresponding QRS complexes after
Mobitz Type II Heart Block
each one
regular R waves and regular QRS complexes that are not
Third Degree Heart Block
coordinated (HR usually less than 40 bpm)
