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➢ Updated 2 Version Exam + Study Guide
➢ True & False Questions
➢ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers
➢ Expert-Verified Explanations
Table of Contents
BIOD 331 MODULE 8 EXAM VERSION 1 .................... 2
BIOD 331 MODULE 8 EXAM VERSION 2 .................. 18
BIOD 331 MODULE 8 EXAM STUDY GUIDE Error! Bookmark not
defined.
BIOD 331 MODULE 8 EXAM VERSION 1
1. Which of the following is characteristic of chronic transplant rejection?
Choose matching definition
- it involves humoral immunity
- involves increased t lymphocytes
- can not occur months to years after transplant
,- it is the active form of vitamin d, converted in the liver
Answer: it involves humoral immunity
Verified Rationale:
Chronic transplant rejection is primarily mediated by humoral (antibody-mediated)
immune responses as well as alloantibody targeting of the graft vasculature. Over time,
this results in progressive vasculopathy and fibrosis of the transplanted tissue. T
lymphocytes can be involved, but the chronic phase distinctively features antibody-
mediated mechanisms. Chronic rejection develops months to years after
transplantation, and is a major cause of late allograft failure.
---
2. A decrease in Na+ reabsorption is achieved through the action of which of
the following?
Choose matching definition
- nitrates
- diuretics
- antihistamines
- anticoagulants
Answer: diuretics
Verified Rationale:
Diuretics are a class of drugs specifically designed to reduce sodium reabsorption in the
renal tubules, resulting in increased excretion of sodium and water. This
pharmacological effect is utilized in treating hypertension, heart failure, and edema by
decreasing fluid volume.
, ---
3. Which of the following is/are true regarding acid-base disorders? (mark all
that apply)
Choose matching definition
- Metabolic disorders are a result of a change in plasma HCO3- levels
- Respiratory disorders are a result of a change in plasma CO2 levels
- Normal blood pH = 7.35-7.45
Answer:
- Metabolic disorders are a result of a change in plasma HCO3- levels
- Respiratory disorders are a result of a change in plasma CO2 levels
- Normal blood pH = 7.35-7.45
Verified Rationale:
Acid-base balance is tightly maintained through respiratory control of CO₂ and renal
control of HCO₃⁻. Disorders involving bicarbonate levels (HCO₃⁻) are classified as
metabolic, while those involving CO₂ are classified as respiratory. Normal arterial blood
pH is 7.35-7.45.
---
4. A patient presents to the emergency department with complaints of sharp
pain that comes in waves in the upper lateral quadrant of the abdomen. Their
skin is clammy, and they have been experiencing nausea and vomiting all day
long. They have a history of UTIs. Urinalysis reveals that the pH of their urine
is 7.8. A CT scan is ordered, and it reveals a stone 4 mm in diameter. What
type of renal calculi do you suspect? What treatment is needed? Explain your
reasoning for both answers.
Choose matching definition
➢ Updated 2 Version Exam + Study Guide
➢ True & False Questions
➢ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers
➢ Expert-Verified Explanations
Table of Contents
BIOD 331 MODULE 8 EXAM VERSION 1 .................... 2
BIOD 331 MODULE 8 EXAM VERSION 2 .................. 18
BIOD 331 MODULE 8 EXAM STUDY GUIDE Error! Bookmark not
defined.
BIOD 331 MODULE 8 EXAM VERSION 1
1. Which of the following is characteristic of chronic transplant rejection?
Choose matching definition
- it involves humoral immunity
- involves increased t lymphocytes
- can not occur months to years after transplant
,- it is the active form of vitamin d, converted in the liver
Answer: it involves humoral immunity
Verified Rationale:
Chronic transplant rejection is primarily mediated by humoral (antibody-mediated)
immune responses as well as alloantibody targeting of the graft vasculature. Over time,
this results in progressive vasculopathy and fibrosis of the transplanted tissue. T
lymphocytes can be involved, but the chronic phase distinctively features antibody-
mediated mechanisms. Chronic rejection develops months to years after
transplantation, and is a major cause of late allograft failure.
---
2. A decrease in Na+ reabsorption is achieved through the action of which of
the following?
Choose matching definition
- nitrates
- diuretics
- antihistamines
- anticoagulants
Answer: diuretics
Verified Rationale:
Diuretics are a class of drugs specifically designed to reduce sodium reabsorption in the
renal tubules, resulting in increased excretion of sodium and water. This
pharmacological effect is utilized in treating hypertension, heart failure, and edema by
decreasing fluid volume.
, ---
3. Which of the following is/are true regarding acid-base disorders? (mark all
that apply)
Choose matching definition
- Metabolic disorders are a result of a change in plasma HCO3- levels
- Respiratory disorders are a result of a change in plasma CO2 levels
- Normal blood pH = 7.35-7.45
Answer:
- Metabolic disorders are a result of a change in plasma HCO3- levels
- Respiratory disorders are a result of a change in plasma CO2 levels
- Normal blood pH = 7.35-7.45
Verified Rationale:
Acid-base balance is tightly maintained through respiratory control of CO₂ and renal
control of HCO₃⁻. Disorders involving bicarbonate levels (HCO₃⁻) are classified as
metabolic, while those involving CO₂ are classified as respiratory. Normal arterial blood
pH is 7.35-7.45.
---
4. A patient presents to the emergency department with complaints of sharp
pain that comes in waves in the upper lateral quadrant of the abdomen. Their
skin is clammy, and they have been experiencing nausea and vomiting all day
long. They have a history of UTIs. Urinalysis reveals that the pH of their urine
is 7.8. A CT scan is ordered, and it reveals a stone 4 mm in diameter. What
type of renal calculi do you suspect? What treatment is needed? Explain your
reasoning for both answers.
Choose matching definition
