Chapter 1 - Human growth & development
Lifespan development -
☑️ the field of study that examines patterns of growth,change, and stability in behavior that
occur throughout the life span
Physical development -
☑️ development involving the body's physical makeup, including the brain, nervous system,
muscles, and senses , and the need for food,drink,and sleep
Cognitive development -
☑️ development involving the ways that growth and change in intellectual capabilities
influence a persons behavior
personality development -
☑️ development involving the ways that the enduring characteristics that differentiate one
person from another change over the life span
social development -
☑️ the way in which individuals' interactions with others and their social relationships grow,
change, and remain stable over the course of life
age ranges -
☑️ 1. prenatal period - conception to birth
2. infancy and toddlerhood - birth-3
3. preschool period - 3 to 6
4. middle childhood - 6 to 12
5. adolescence - 12 to 20
6. young adulthood - 20 to 40
7. middle adulthood - 40 to 60
8. late adulthood - 60 to death
social construction -
☑️ a shared notion of reality that is widely accepted but is a function of society and culture at
a given time
cohort -
☑️ a group of people born at around the same time in the same place
history graded influences -
☑️ biological and environmental influences associated with a particular historical moment
age graded influences -
☑️ biological and environmental influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age
group, regardless of when or where they are raised
sociocultural graded influences -
☑️ the social and cultural factors present at a particular time for a particular individual,
depending on such variables as ethnicity, social class, and subcultural membership
, non normative life events -
☑️ specific, atypical events that occur in a particular persons life at a time when such events
do not happen to most people
continuous change -
☑️ development is gradual, with achievements at one level building on those of previous
levels
discontinuous change -
☑️ development that occurs in distinct steps or stages, with each stage bringing about
behavior that is assumed to be qualitatively different from behavior at earlier stages
critical period -
☑️ a specific time during development when a particular even has its greatest consequences
and the presence of certain kinds of environmental stimuli are necessary for development to proceed
normally
sensitive period -
☑️ a point of development when organisms are particularly susceptible to certain kinds of
stimuli in their environments, but the absence of those stimuli does not always produce irreversible
consequences
nature -
☑️ refers to traits, abilities, and capabilities that are inherited from ones parents
maturation -
☑️ the predetermined unfolding of genetic information
nurture -
☑️ refers to the environmental influences that shape behavior
theories -
☑️ explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest, providing a framework for
understanding the relationships among an unorganized set of facts or principles
psychodynamic perspective -
☑️ the approach that states behavior is motivated by inner forces, memories, and conflicts that
are generally beyond peoples awareness and control
psychoanalytic theory -
☑️ the theory proposed by freud that suggests that unconscious forces act to determine
personality and behavior
unconscious -
☑️ part of the personality about which a person is unaware
three aspects of personality -
☑️ 1. id
2. ego
3. super ego
id -
Lifespan development -
☑️ the field of study that examines patterns of growth,change, and stability in behavior that
occur throughout the life span
Physical development -
☑️ development involving the body's physical makeup, including the brain, nervous system,
muscles, and senses , and the need for food,drink,and sleep
Cognitive development -
☑️ development involving the ways that growth and change in intellectual capabilities
influence a persons behavior
personality development -
☑️ development involving the ways that the enduring characteristics that differentiate one
person from another change over the life span
social development -
☑️ the way in which individuals' interactions with others and their social relationships grow,
change, and remain stable over the course of life
age ranges -
☑️ 1. prenatal period - conception to birth
2. infancy and toddlerhood - birth-3
3. preschool period - 3 to 6
4. middle childhood - 6 to 12
5. adolescence - 12 to 20
6. young adulthood - 20 to 40
7. middle adulthood - 40 to 60
8. late adulthood - 60 to death
social construction -
☑️ a shared notion of reality that is widely accepted but is a function of society and culture at
a given time
cohort -
☑️ a group of people born at around the same time in the same place
history graded influences -
☑️ biological and environmental influences associated with a particular historical moment
age graded influences -
☑️ biological and environmental influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age
group, regardless of when or where they are raised
sociocultural graded influences -
☑️ the social and cultural factors present at a particular time for a particular individual,
depending on such variables as ethnicity, social class, and subcultural membership
, non normative life events -
☑️ specific, atypical events that occur in a particular persons life at a time when such events
do not happen to most people
continuous change -
☑️ development is gradual, with achievements at one level building on those of previous
levels
discontinuous change -
☑️ development that occurs in distinct steps or stages, with each stage bringing about
behavior that is assumed to be qualitatively different from behavior at earlier stages
critical period -
☑️ a specific time during development when a particular even has its greatest consequences
and the presence of certain kinds of environmental stimuli are necessary for development to proceed
normally
sensitive period -
☑️ a point of development when organisms are particularly susceptible to certain kinds of
stimuli in their environments, but the absence of those stimuli does not always produce irreversible
consequences
nature -
☑️ refers to traits, abilities, and capabilities that are inherited from ones parents
maturation -
☑️ the predetermined unfolding of genetic information
nurture -
☑️ refers to the environmental influences that shape behavior
theories -
☑️ explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest, providing a framework for
understanding the relationships among an unorganized set of facts or principles
psychodynamic perspective -
☑️ the approach that states behavior is motivated by inner forces, memories, and conflicts that
are generally beyond peoples awareness and control
psychoanalytic theory -
☑️ the theory proposed by freud that suggests that unconscious forces act to determine
personality and behavior
unconscious -
☑️ part of the personality about which a person is unaware
three aspects of personality -
☑️ 1. id
2. ego
3. super ego
id -
