PHTLS PRE-TEST AND POST TEST EXAM
2025/2026 WITH ACTUAL CORRECT
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED
ANSWERS |CURRENTLY TESTING
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS|ALREADY
GRADED A+|NEWEST|BRAND NEW VERSION
!!|GUARANTEED PASS
Burned Pediatric PTs require larger volumes of IV fluid. Children have less metabolic reserves of
the molecule glycogen in their livers to maintain adequate blood glucose during the periods of
burn resuscitation.
Children should receive 5% dextrose containing IV fluids at a standard rate in addition to burn
resuscitation fluids.
PTs with both thermal burns and smoke inhalation will require..
Significantly more fluid than the burn PT without smoke inhalation.
Why is it that in many cases the extent of apparent tissue damage does not accurately reflect
the magnitude of the injury?
As the electricity courses through the PT's body, deep layers of tissue are destroyed despite
seemingly minor injuries on the surface.
Electrical and crush injuries share many similarities.
In both injuries, there is massive destruction of large muscle groups with resultant release of
both potassium and myoglobin.
Circumferential burns of the chest can constrict the chest wall and prevent sufficient..
Tidal Volume
Any PT with burns to the face or soot in the sputum is at risk for a smoke inhalation injury; but
absence of these signs does not exclude the diagnosis of a toxic inhalation. Three elements of
smoke inhalation:
1|Page
,thermal injury, asphyxiation, delayed toxic-induced lung injury
Carbon monoxide (CO) and cyanide gas (CN)
-Asphyxiants
-CO binds to hemoglobin with greater affinity than O2
-Treatment is 100% oxygen 40-60 min.
Toxin-Induced Lung Injury
-Takes several days for signs and symptoms to occur
-Causes death of cilia cells and floods lungs. Could cause life-threatentin pneumonia.
Initial and most important element in caring for a PT with smoke exposure...
need for orotracheal intubation
detention of nuclear weapon kills by three mechanisms:
thermal burns from initial firestorm, supersonic destructive blast, production of radiation.
Radiation exposure PT, Initial priority..
Remove the PT from the source of contamination, remove contaminated clothing, irrigate PT
with water.
Symptoms of radiation exposure
few hours after exposure, PT will experience nausea, vomiting, and cramping abdominal pain.
Aggressive fluid management is required to prevent the development of renal failure. Bone
marrow is extremely sensitive to radiation and will stop producing white blood cells.
Severity of chemical burns is determined by 4 factors:
nature of the chemical, concentration of the chemical, duration of contact, and mechanism of
action of the chemical.
Acids damage tissue by:
Alkali burns destroy tissue by:
Acids damage tissue by: coagulative necrosis
Alkali burns destroy tissue by: liquefaction necrosis
Neutralizing agents for chemical burns are avoided because..
the neutralizing process produces heat
2|Page
,-Hypoxia
-Hypercarbia
-Acidosis
-Shock
-inadequate amounts of oxygen in the blood
-excessive carbon dioxide in the blood
-excessive acid in the blood
-inadequate amounts of oxygen reaching the body's organs and tissues
How many pairs of ribs are there?
There are 12 paired ribs. The upper 10 pairs attach to the spinal column in the back and either
the sternum or the rib above in the front. The lower two pairs of ribs only attach in the back to
the spine.
Do the lower two pairs of ribs break easily?
The lower two pairs of ribs (floating ribs) do not break easily as they are somewhat flexible
being that they only connect to the spine in the back. They shield the organs of the upper
abdomen such as the spleen and liver.
-parietal pleura
-visceral pleura
-parietal pleura lines chest cavity
-visceral pleura lines the lungs
The most important mechanism to ventilation is...
the pleural fluid which creates surface tension, which serves to oppose the elastic nature of the
lungs, preventing their otherwise natural tendency to collapse.
mediastinum contains...
trachea, main bronchi, heart, major arteries and veins to and from the heart, as well as
esophagus
-Respiration
-Cellular respiration
-ventilation plus the delivery of oxygen to the cells.
-the use of oxygen by the cells to produce energy.
The brainstem controls ventilation through...
3|Page
, monitoring of the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and oxygen (PaO2) by
specialized cells known as chemoreceptors which are located in the brain stem and in the aorta
and carotid arteries.
Baroreceptors recognize changes in..
blood pressure and direct the heart to change the rate and forcefulness of its beating to return
blood pressure to normal.
pulmonary contusion
Bleeding in the alveoli caused by a blunt force trauma which prevents gas exchange.
4 components to physical examination
observation, palpation, percussion, auscultation
Rib fractures occur most often in which ribs?
4-8 laterally, where they are thin and have less overlying musculature.
Fractures to lower ribs may result in...
injuries of the spleen and liver and may indicate the potential for other intra-abdominal injuries.
atelectasis
collapse of the alveoli
Flail Chest
Occurs when two or more adjacent ribs are fractured in more than one place producing a
segment of the chest wall that is no longer in continuity with the rest of the chest. The force
necessary to produce this is transmitted to underlying lung tissue resulting in pulmonary
contusion.
pneumothorax
air in the pleural space which disrupts the adherence between the pleural membranes created
by the thin film of pleural fluid.
open pneumothorax (sucking chest wound)
involves a pneumothorax associated with a defect in the chest wall that allows air to enter and
exit the pleural space from the outside.
hemothorax
4|Page
2025/2026 WITH ACTUAL CORRECT
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED
ANSWERS |CURRENTLY TESTING
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS|ALREADY
GRADED A+|NEWEST|BRAND NEW VERSION
!!|GUARANTEED PASS
Burned Pediatric PTs require larger volumes of IV fluid. Children have less metabolic reserves of
the molecule glycogen in their livers to maintain adequate blood glucose during the periods of
burn resuscitation.
Children should receive 5% dextrose containing IV fluids at a standard rate in addition to burn
resuscitation fluids.
PTs with both thermal burns and smoke inhalation will require..
Significantly more fluid than the burn PT without smoke inhalation.
Why is it that in many cases the extent of apparent tissue damage does not accurately reflect
the magnitude of the injury?
As the electricity courses through the PT's body, deep layers of tissue are destroyed despite
seemingly minor injuries on the surface.
Electrical and crush injuries share many similarities.
In both injuries, there is massive destruction of large muscle groups with resultant release of
both potassium and myoglobin.
Circumferential burns of the chest can constrict the chest wall and prevent sufficient..
Tidal Volume
Any PT with burns to the face or soot in the sputum is at risk for a smoke inhalation injury; but
absence of these signs does not exclude the diagnosis of a toxic inhalation. Three elements of
smoke inhalation:
1|Page
,thermal injury, asphyxiation, delayed toxic-induced lung injury
Carbon monoxide (CO) and cyanide gas (CN)
-Asphyxiants
-CO binds to hemoglobin with greater affinity than O2
-Treatment is 100% oxygen 40-60 min.
Toxin-Induced Lung Injury
-Takes several days for signs and symptoms to occur
-Causes death of cilia cells and floods lungs. Could cause life-threatentin pneumonia.
Initial and most important element in caring for a PT with smoke exposure...
need for orotracheal intubation
detention of nuclear weapon kills by three mechanisms:
thermal burns from initial firestorm, supersonic destructive blast, production of radiation.
Radiation exposure PT, Initial priority..
Remove the PT from the source of contamination, remove contaminated clothing, irrigate PT
with water.
Symptoms of radiation exposure
few hours after exposure, PT will experience nausea, vomiting, and cramping abdominal pain.
Aggressive fluid management is required to prevent the development of renal failure. Bone
marrow is extremely sensitive to radiation and will stop producing white blood cells.
Severity of chemical burns is determined by 4 factors:
nature of the chemical, concentration of the chemical, duration of contact, and mechanism of
action of the chemical.
Acids damage tissue by:
Alkali burns destroy tissue by:
Acids damage tissue by: coagulative necrosis
Alkali burns destroy tissue by: liquefaction necrosis
Neutralizing agents for chemical burns are avoided because..
the neutralizing process produces heat
2|Page
,-Hypoxia
-Hypercarbia
-Acidosis
-Shock
-inadequate amounts of oxygen in the blood
-excessive carbon dioxide in the blood
-excessive acid in the blood
-inadequate amounts of oxygen reaching the body's organs and tissues
How many pairs of ribs are there?
There are 12 paired ribs. The upper 10 pairs attach to the spinal column in the back and either
the sternum or the rib above in the front. The lower two pairs of ribs only attach in the back to
the spine.
Do the lower two pairs of ribs break easily?
The lower two pairs of ribs (floating ribs) do not break easily as they are somewhat flexible
being that they only connect to the spine in the back. They shield the organs of the upper
abdomen such as the spleen and liver.
-parietal pleura
-visceral pleura
-parietal pleura lines chest cavity
-visceral pleura lines the lungs
The most important mechanism to ventilation is...
the pleural fluid which creates surface tension, which serves to oppose the elastic nature of the
lungs, preventing their otherwise natural tendency to collapse.
mediastinum contains...
trachea, main bronchi, heart, major arteries and veins to and from the heart, as well as
esophagus
-Respiration
-Cellular respiration
-ventilation plus the delivery of oxygen to the cells.
-the use of oxygen by the cells to produce energy.
The brainstem controls ventilation through...
3|Page
, monitoring of the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and oxygen (PaO2) by
specialized cells known as chemoreceptors which are located in the brain stem and in the aorta
and carotid arteries.
Baroreceptors recognize changes in..
blood pressure and direct the heart to change the rate and forcefulness of its beating to return
blood pressure to normal.
pulmonary contusion
Bleeding in the alveoli caused by a blunt force trauma which prevents gas exchange.
4 components to physical examination
observation, palpation, percussion, auscultation
Rib fractures occur most often in which ribs?
4-8 laterally, where they are thin and have less overlying musculature.
Fractures to lower ribs may result in...
injuries of the spleen and liver and may indicate the potential for other intra-abdominal injuries.
atelectasis
collapse of the alveoli
Flail Chest
Occurs when two or more adjacent ribs are fractured in more than one place producing a
segment of the chest wall that is no longer in continuity with the rest of the chest. The force
necessary to produce this is transmitted to underlying lung tissue resulting in pulmonary
contusion.
pneumothorax
air in the pleural space which disrupts the adherence between the pleural membranes created
by the thin film of pleural fluid.
open pneumothorax (sucking chest wound)
involves a pneumothorax associated with a defect in the chest wall that allows air to enter and
exit the pleural space from the outside.
hemothorax
4|Page
