NUR210 Exam 2 – Principles of Pharmacology (2025/2026 Update)
Question 1
A nurse is reviewing a prescription for warfarin. Which laboratory test should be monitored
regularly?
A. Hemoglobin
B. INR
C. Platelets
D. WBC count
✅ Correct Answer: B. INR
Rationale: Warfarin affects the clotting cascade by inhibiting vitamin K–dependent factors. INR
ensures therapeutic effectiveness while preventing bleeding.
Question 2
A patient taking lisinopril develops a dry, persistent cough. What is the most likely cause?
A. Bronchospasm
B. Increased bradykinin levels
C. Fluid retention
D. Hypersensitivity reaction
✅ Correct Answer: B. Increased bradykinin levels
Rationale: ACE inhibitors prevent bradykinin breakdown, causing its buildup in the lungs and
resulting in a dry cough.
,Question 3
Which of the following drugs requires monitoring of serum potassium levels?
A. Furosemide
B. Amoxicillin
C. Lorazepam
D. Ibuprofen
✅ Correct Answer: A. Furosemide
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that causes potassium loss through urine. Hypokalemia
can lead to muscle weakness and dysrhythmias.
Question 4
A nurse is preparing to administer insulin glargine. Which statement is true regarding this
medication?
A. It can be mixed with regular insulin
B. It should be given before meals
C. It has no defined peak
D. It acts rapidly within 15 minutes
,✅ Correct Answer: C. It has no defined peak
Rationale: Insulin glargine provides a steady, 24-hour basal effect without a pronounced peak,
reducing the risk of hypoglycemia.
Question 5
A patient prescribed gentamicin reports hearing loss. What should the nurse do?
A. Encourage fluids
B. Hold the medication and notify the provider
C. Continue the dose and monitor renal output
D. Administer with food
✅ Correct Answer: B. Hold the medication and notify the provider
Rationale: Gentamicin is ototoxic. Early recognition of hearing changes is crucial to prevent
permanent damage.
Question 6
Which instruction is most appropriate for a client prescribed nitroglycerin sublingual tablets?
A. Swallow the tablet with water
B. Take with meals
C. Place under the tongue until dissolved
, D. Chew the tablet completely
✅ Correct Answer: C. Place under the tongue until dissolved
Rationale: Sublingual nitroglycerin is absorbed rapidly through mucous membranes for quick
relief of angina.
Question 7
Which medication is classified as a beta-blocker?
A. Lisinopril
B. Metoprolol
C. Furosemide
D. Atorvastatin
✅ Correct Answer: B. Metoprolol
Rationale: Beta-blockers reduce heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand by blocking β-
adrenergic receptors.
Question 8
What is the antidote for opioid overdose?
A. Acetylcysteine
Question 1
A nurse is reviewing a prescription for warfarin. Which laboratory test should be monitored
regularly?
A. Hemoglobin
B. INR
C. Platelets
D. WBC count
✅ Correct Answer: B. INR
Rationale: Warfarin affects the clotting cascade by inhibiting vitamin K–dependent factors. INR
ensures therapeutic effectiveness while preventing bleeding.
Question 2
A patient taking lisinopril develops a dry, persistent cough. What is the most likely cause?
A. Bronchospasm
B. Increased bradykinin levels
C. Fluid retention
D. Hypersensitivity reaction
✅ Correct Answer: B. Increased bradykinin levels
Rationale: ACE inhibitors prevent bradykinin breakdown, causing its buildup in the lungs and
resulting in a dry cough.
,Question 3
Which of the following drugs requires monitoring of serum potassium levels?
A. Furosemide
B. Amoxicillin
C. Lorazepam
D. Ibuprofen
✅ Correct Answer: A. Furosemide
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that causes potassium loss through urine. Hypokalemia
can lead to muscle weakness and dysrhythmias.
Question 4
A nurse is preparing to administer insulin glargine. Which statement is true regarding this
medication?
A. It can be mixed with regular insulin
B. It should be given before meals
C. It has no defined peak
D. It acts rapidly within 15 minutes
,✅ Correct Answer: C. It has no defined peak
Rationale: Insulin glargine provides a steady, 24-hour basal effect without a pronounced peak,
reducing the risk of hypoglycemia.
Question 5
A patient prescribed gentamicin reports hearing loss. What should the nurse do?
A. Encourage fluids
B. Hold the medication and notify the provider
C. Continue the dose and monitor renal output
D. Administer with food
✅ Correct Answer: B. Hold the medication and notify the provider
Rationale: Gentamicin is ototoxic. Early recognition of hearing changes is crucial to prevent
permanent damage.
Question 6
Which instruction is most appropriate for a client prescribed nitroglycerin sublingual tablets?
A. Swallow the tablet with water
B. Take with meals
C. Place under the tongue until dissolved
, D. Chew the tablet completely
✅ Correct Answer: C. Place under the tongue until dissolved
Rationale: Sublingual nitroglycerin is absorbed rapidly through mucous membranes for quick
relief of angina.
Question 7
Which medication is classified as a beta-blocker?
A. Lisinopril
B. Metoprolol
C. Furosemide
D. Atorvastatin
✅ Correct Answer: B. Metoprolol
Rationale: Beta-blockers reduce heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand by blocking β-
adrenergic receptors.
Question 8
What is the antidote for opioid overdose?
A. Acetylcysteine
