GMS 6402 PULMONARY FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
◉ What is Inspired O2? Answer: 150 mmHg
◉ What is Alveolar O2? Answer: 100 mmHg
◉ What is Arterial O2 (PaO2)? Answer: 100 mmHg
◉ What is Arterial CO2 (PaCO2)? Answer: 40 mmHg
◉ What is the formula for compliance? Answer: C = deltaV / deltaP
change in lung volume/ change in pressure
◉ The vast majority of the total surface area of the lung is found in
the Answer: alveoli
◉ All of the following can be measured via spirometry EXCEPT: tidal
volume, vital capacity, functional residual capacity, inspiratory
capacity, expiratory reserve volume Answer: Functional residual
capacity
,◉ Briefly describe how the radii of the various tubes change as we
move from the trachea to the alveoli Answer: The radii of the tubules
decrease due to shredding of epithelial cells. Conducting zones (g0-
16) are surrounded by columnar or cuboidal epithelia, thick layers
of cartilage, and smooth muscle. Respiratory zones (g17-23) are
surrounded by type I and II epithelia. The absence of
columnar/cuboidal epithelia, cartilage and smooth muscle results in
a much smaller radius.
◉ What is the Transpulmonary pressure if pleural pressure is -7 cm
H2O and alveolar pressure is -3 cm H2O? Answer: +4 cm H2O
◉ A lung compliance test indicates that a 3 cm H2O change in
thanspulmonary pressure generates a 0.9 L change in lung volume.
What is this patient's lung compliance? Answer: 0.3 L air/cm H2O
◉ Airway resistance across a set of airways is lowest under which of
the following conditions?
-airway radius is large and the length of the tube is large
-airway radius is large and the length of the tube is small
-airway radius is small and airways are in series.
-airway radius is small and airways are in parallel.
-airway radius is large and gas viscosity is increased Answer: airway
radius is large and the length of the tube is small
, ◉ As the lungs fill with air and we move from a low lung volume to
higher lung volumes, airway resistance will Answer: decrease
exponentially
◉ What is the typical Tidal Volume? Answer: normal breathing, 0.5 L
◉ What is the typical expiratory reserve volume? Answer: air
expelled after normal tidal volume expiration, 2L
◉ What is the residual volume? Answer: air that remains after
maximal expiration, 1.2L
◉ What is the forced vital capacity? Answer: air which can be
forcibly exhaled from the lungs after taking the deepest breath
possible, 5L
◉ What is the Vital capacity? Answer: air that is exhaled after
maximal inspiration, 5L
◉ What is total lung capacity? Answer: max volume the lungs can be
expanded, 6L
◉ What is the functional residual capacity? Answer: air left in lungs
below tidal, 2.5L
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
◉ What is Inspired O2? Answer: 150 mmHg
◉ What is Alveolar O2? Answer: 100 mmHg
◉ What is Arterial O2 (PaO2)? Answer: 100 mmHg
◉ What is Arterial CO2 (PaCO2)? Answer: 40 mmHg
◉ What is the formula for compliance? Answer: C = deltaV / deltaP
change in lung volume/ change in pressure
◉ The vast majority of the total surface area of the lung is found in
the Answer: alveoli
◉ All of the following can be measured via spirometry EXCEPT: tidal
volume, vital capacity, functional residual capacity, inspiratory
capacity, expiratory reserve volume Answer: Functional residual
capacity
,◉ Briefly describe how the radii of the various tubes change as we
move from the trachea to the alveoli Answer: The radii of the tubules
decrease due to shredding of epithelial cells. Conducting zones (g0-
16) are surrounded by columnar or cuboidal epithelia, thick layers
of cartilage, and smooth muscle. Respiratory zones (g17-23) are
surrounded by type I and II epithelia. The absence of
columnar/cuboidal epithelia, cartilage and smooth muscle results in
a much smaller radius.
◉ What is the Transpulmonary pressure if pleural pressure is -7 cm
H2O and alveolar pressure is -3 cm H2O? Answer: +4 cm H2O
◉ A lung compliance test indicates that a 3 cm H2O change in
thanspulmonary pressure generates a 0.9 L change in lung volume.
What is this patient's lung compliance? Answer: 0.3 L air/cm H2O
◉ Airway resistance across a set of airways is lowest under which of
the following conditions?
-airway radius is large and the length of the tube is large
-airway radius is large and the length of the tube is small
-airway radius is small and airways are in series.
-airway radius is small and airways are in parallel.
-airway radius is large and gas viscosity is increased Answer: airway
radius is large and the length of the tube is small
, ◉ As the lungs fill with air and we move from a low lung volume to
higher lung volumes, airway resistance will Answer: decrease
exponentially
◉ What is the typical Tidal Volume? Answer: normal breathing, 0.5 L
◉ What is the typical expiratory reserve volume? Answer: air
expelled after normal tidal volume expiration, 2L
◉ What is the residual volume? Answer: air that remains after
maximal expiration, 1.2L
◉ What is the forced vital capacity? Answer: air which can be
forcibly exhaled from the lungs after taking the deepest breath
possible, 5L
◉ What is the Vital capacity? Answer: air that is exhaled after
maximal inspiration, 5L
◉ What is total lung capacity? Answer: max volume the lungs can be
expanded, 6L
◉ What is the functional residual capacity? Answer: air left in lungs
below tidal, 2.5L
