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Neuro MT STUDY POINTS (1) Terms & Definitive Solution
s | Latest 2025/2026
4. Central Nervous System (CNS)- comprises the brain and spinal cord. Its primary function is to
process information received from sensory organs and coordinate responses through motor
commands.
5. Gyri- raised folds on the surface of the brain
Sulci- the grooves that separate these folds
Fissures- deeper grooves ex. longitudinal fissure separating hemispheres
6. Planes of Reference Common planes of reference include:
Week 1 Overview CNS/PNS Objectives – Study Points
1. Brainstem- midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. Conduit
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
1. somatic nervous system
2. autonomic nervous system (ANS).
1. Sympathetic- fight or flight
2. parasympathetic systems- rest and digest
3. Lobes of the Brain
● Frontal Lobe: problem-solving, emotional regulation, and motor function.
● Parietal Lobe: Processes sensory information related to touch, temperature, pain,
● Temporal Lobe: uditory processing, memory formation, and language comprehension.
● Occipital Lobe: visual processing.
● Sagittal Plane: Divides left from right.
● Coronal Plane: Divides anterior from posterior.
● Transverse Plane: Divides superior from inferior.
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7. Afferent pathways carry sensory information to the CNS from peripheral
receptors (e.g., skin)
Efferent pathways transmit motor commands from the CNS to muscles or glands.
8. The pre-central gyrus is located in the frontal lobe and is responsible for voluntary motor
control (primary motor cortex).
The post-central gyrus is found in the parietal lobe and processes somatosensory
information (primary somatosensory cortex).
9. Key Fissures/Sulci
● Fissure of Rolando/Central Sulcus: Separates frontal lobe from parietal lobe.
● Longitudinal Fissure: Divides left hemisphere from right hemisphere.
● Sylvian (Lateral) Fissure: Separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes.
10. Insula- a region deep within the lateral sulcus involved in various functions including
emotion regulation, perception of bodily states (interoception), taste processing, and social
emotions.
11. Basal Ganglia- group of nuclei located deep within the cerebral hemispheres that play an
essential role in coordinating movement as well as decision-making.
12. Ventricular System Function- interconnected cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
which cushions the brain, removes waste products, provides buoyancy to reduce weight on
neural structures, and helps maintain homeostasis.
13. Meninges- protective membranes covering the CNS; they consist of 3 layers: dura mater
(outer), arachnoid mater (middle), and pia mater (inner). They provide structural support as
well as protection against infections.
14. Six Special Senses
1. Vision
2. Hearing
3. Taste
4. Smell
5. Balance/Equilibrium
Neuro MT STUDY POINTS (1) Terms & Definitive Solution
s | Latest 2025/2026
4. Central Nervous System (CNS)- comprises the brain and spinal cord. Its primary function is to
process information received from sensory organs and coordinate responses through motor
commands.
5. Gyri- raised folds on the surface of the brain
Sulci- the grooves that separate these folds
Fissures- deeper grooves ex. longitudinal fissure separating hemispheres
6. Planes of Reference Common planes of reference include:
Week 1 Overview CNS/PNS Objectives – Study Points
1. Brainstem- midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. Conduit
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
1. somatic nervous system
2. autonomic nervous system (ANS).
1. Sympathetic- fight or flight
2. parasympathetic systems- rest and digest
3. Lobes of the Brain
● Frontal Lobe: problem-solving, emotional regulation, and motor function.
● Parietal Lobe: Processes sensory information related to touch, temperature, pain,
● Temporal Lobe: uditory processing, memory formation, and language comprehension.
● Occipital Lobe: visual processing.
● Sagittal Plane: Divides left from right.
● Coronal Plane: Divides anterior from posterior.
● Transverse Plane: Divides superior from inferior.
, 2
7. Afferent pathways carry sensory information to the CNS from peripheral
receptors (e.g., skin)
Efferent pathways transmit motor commands from the CNS to muscles or glands.
8. The pre-central gyrus is located in the frontal lobe and is responsible for voluntary motor
control (primary motor cortex).
The post-central gyrus is found in the parietal lobe and processes somatosensory
information (primary somatosensory cortex).
9. Key Fissures/Sulci
● Fissure of Rolando/Central Sulcus: Separates frontal lobe from parietal lobe.
● Longitudinal Fissure: Divides left hemisphere from right hemisphere.
● Sylvian (Lateral) Fissure: Separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes.
10. Insula- a region deep within the lateral sulcus involved in various functions including
emotion regulation, perception of bodily states (interoception), taste processing, and social
emotions.
11. Basal Ganglia- group of nuclei located deep within the cerebral hemispheres that play an
essential role in coordinating movement as well as decision-making.
12. Ventricular System Function- interconnected cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
which cushions the brain, removes waste products, provides buoyancy to reduce weight on
neural structures, and helps maintain homeostasis.
13. Meninges- protective membranes covering the CNS; they consist of 3 layers: dura mater
(outer), arachnoid mater (middle), and pia mater (inner). They provide structural support as
well as protection against infections.
14. Six Special Senses
1. Vision
2. Hearing
3. Taste
4. Smell
5. Balance/Equilibrium
