NUR 8022 EXAM 3 WITH VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|| GUARANTEED
PASS|| ALREADY GRADED A+ || LATEST
UPDATE 2025
What causes overactive bladder syndrome? - ANSWER-detrusor over activity
What happens in OAB? - ANSWER-The detrusor muscle is too weak to fully
empty bladder resulting in retention with overflow incontinence.
What is a renal adenoma? - ANSWER-benign mass located near the cortex of
kidney. May become malignant
Where does renal cell carcinoma arise from? Risk factors? - ANSWER-
Adenocarcinoma arising from tubular epithelium in the renal cortex.
Risk; men >women, smoking, obesity, HTN, VHL gene mutation on
chromosome 3p.
papillary -worse prognosis
What is the classical manifestation of renal tumors? - ANSWER-HEMATURIA
dull flank pain, palpable mass.
,What is the most common bladder tumor? Most common risk factor? -
ANSWER-Urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma.
SMOKING
(also aniline dyes, aromatic amines, arsenic, phenacetin/banned analagesic)
Pathogenesis of bladder tumors.. - ANSWER-- oncogenes of ras gene
- TP53 mutation
- inactivaation of retinoblast gene
- loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 9
- uroepithelial cells/papillary growth pattern
- Papillary tumors most common
- can develop as secondary from borderline organs like cervix/prostate.
Main sign of bladder cancer - ANSWER-gross painless hematuria
What is cystitis? - ANSWER-bladder inflammation
What is pyelonephritis? - ANSWER-infection of the kidney, upper urinary tract
What is the functional unit of the kidney? - ANSWER-Nephron
What is the glomerulus? - ANSWER-tuft of capillaries in the renal corpuscle
What is the Bowman glomerular capsule? - ANSWER-Bowman space, circular
space between visceral and parietal epithelium in the renal corpuscle
, What are mesangial cells? - ANSWER--secrete mesangial matrix and lie
between and support the glomerular capillaries.
- contract similar to smooth muscle cells to regulate glomerular capillary blood
flow.
- phagocytic properties - release inflammatory cytokines/growth factors.
In the renal corpuscle
What does the glomerular endothelium do? - ANSWER-- inner layer of
filtration
- synthesize nitric oxide (vasodilator)
- synthesize endothelin- 1 (vasoconstrictor
- has many small openings/fenestrae
What does the visceral epithelium of the bowman capsule do? - ANSWER--
outer layer of glomerulus in filtration
- composed of podocytes (footlike, form filtration slits to modulate filtration)
What supplies the glomerulus? What drains it? - ANSWER-- Afferent arteriole
- efferent arteriole
What do juxtaglomerular cells do? - ANSWER-release renin and have the
ability to constrict the glomerular capillaries
in afferent arteriole
respond to decreased BP
What do macula densa cells do? - ANSWER-Regulates Na+ and Cl- in filtrate
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|| GUARANTEED
PASS|| ALREADY GRADED A+ || LATEST
UPDATE 2025
What causes overactive bladder syndrome? - ANSWER-detrusor over activity
What happens in OAB? - ANSWER-The detrusor muscle is too weak to fully
empty bladder resulting in retention with overflow incontinence.
What is a renal adenoma? - ANSWER-benign mass located near the cortex of
kidney. May become malignant
Where does renal cell carcinoma arise from? Risk factors? - ANSWER-
Adenocarcinoma arising from tubular epithelium in the renal cortex.
Risk; men >women, smoking, obesity, HTN, VHL gene mutation on
chromosome 3p.
papillary -worse prognosis
What is the classical manifestation of renal tumors? - ANSWER-HEMATURIA
dull flank pain, palpable mass.
,What is the most common bladder tumor? Most common risk factor? -
ANSWER-Urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma.
SMOKING
(also aniline dyes, aromatic amines, arsenic, phenacetin/banned analagesic)
Pathogenesis of bladder tumors.. - ANSWER-- oncogenes of ras gene
- TP53 mutation
- inactivaation of retinoblast gene
- loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 9
- uroepithelial cells/papillary growth pattern
- Papillary tumors most common
- can develop as secondary from borderline organs like cervix/prostate.
Main sign of bladder cancer - ANSWER-gross painless hematuria
What is cystitis? - ANSWER-bladder inflammation
What is pyelonephritis? - ANSWER-infection of the kidney, upper urinary tract
What is the functional unit of the kidney? - ANSWER-Nephron
What is the glomerulus? - ANSWER-tuft of capillaries in the renal corpuscle
What is the Bowman glomerular capsule? - ANSWER-Bowman space, circular
space between visceral and parietal epithelium in the renal corpuscle
, What are mesangial cells? - ANSWER--secrete mesangial matrix and lie
between and support the glomerular capillaries.
- contract similar to smooth muscle cells to regulate glomerular capillary blood
flow.
- phagocytic properties - release inflammatory cytokines/growth factors.
In the renal corpuscle
What does the glomerular endothelium do? - ANSWER-- inner layer of
filtration
- synthesize nitric oxide (vasodilator)
- synthesize endothelin- 1 (vasoconstrictor
- has many small openings/fenestrae
What does the visceral epithelium of the bowman capsule do? - ANSWER--
outer layer of glomerulus in filtration
- composed of podocytes (footlike, form filtration slits to modulate filtration)
What supplies the glomerulus? What drains it? - ANSWER-- Afferent arteriole
- efferent arteriole
What do juxtaglomerular cells do? - ANSWER-release renin and have the
ability to constrict the glomerular capillaries
in afferent arteriole
respond to decreased BP
What do macula densa cells do? - ANSWER-Regulates Na+ and Cl- in filtrate
