NUR 354
NUR 354 Exam 4 Questions with Detailed
Answers 2025-2026
DM education
- pharmacological interventions, nutrition management, patient education and self-
management, and detection and prevention of complications.
- Insulin administration: rotating sites (arm to abdomen), angle of injection (fatter
90 degrees, 45 degrees if unable to pinch fat)
- Family teaching: signs of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia
DM labs
Glucose and A1C
Insulin peak, onset, duration
See table 45.1
What should you monitor before and after administration of insulin
Glucose
How do you mix insulins in one syringe?
1. Gather supplies
2. Verify orders
3. 6 rights
4. Roll vials to mix
5. Clean the tops with alcohol
6. Put air into NPH insulin (Do not touch medication)
7. Put air into regular insulin and draw up regular insulin
8. Draw up NPH insulin
How do you administer insulin?
Subcutaneously, rotate injection sites arm to abdomen.
What insulins can be mixed?
NPH with rapid/short acting insulin (aspart, lispro, glulisine, regular)
NUR 354
, NUR 354
What insulins can be administered IV?
Insulin R
Side effects of insulin?
hypoglycemia (tachycardia, confusion, sweating, and drowsiness), weight gain
metformin side effects
nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, metallic taste, diarrhea, and anorexia.
headache, dizziness, agitation, and fatigue. Blackbox: lactic acidosis
metformin education
- Extended-release tablets must be swallowed whole and not crushed or chewed.
- Fasting blood glucose levels should be obtained every 3 months, and the dose
adjusted accordingly.
- Discontinue the medication immediately if signs of acidosis are present
metformin labs to monitor
glucose
how does metformin work?
reduces fasting and postprandial glucose levels
by decreasing the hepatic production of glucose (gluconeogen-esis) and reducing
insulin resistance.
GLP1 receptor agonist
Exenatide, liraglutide
GLP1 receptor agonist action
GLP1 receptor agonist side effects
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, nervousness, injection site reactions
GLP1 receptor agonist administration
SGLT2 inhibitors
NUR 354
NUR 354 Exam 4 Questions with Detailed
Answers 2025-2026
DM education
- pharmacological interventions, nutrition management, patient education and self-
management, and detection and prevention of complications.
- Insulin administration: rotating sites (arm to abdomen), angle of injection (fatter
90 degrees, 45 degrees if unable to pinch fat)
- Family teaching: signs of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia
DM labs
Glucose and A1C
Insulin peak, onset, duration
See table 45.1
What should you monitor before and after administration of insulin
Glucose
How do you mix insulins in one syringe?
1. Gather supplies
2. Verify orders
3. 6 rights
4. Roll vials to mix
5. Clean the tops with alcohol
6. Put air into NPH insulin (Do not touch medication)
7. Put air into regular insulin and draw up regular insulin
8. Draw up NPH insulin
How do you administer insulin?
Subcutaneously, rotate injection sites arm to abdomen.
What insulins can be mixed?
NPH with rapid/short acting insulin (aspart, lispro, glulisine, regular)
NUR 354
, NUR 354
What insulins can be administered IV?
Insulin R
Side effects of insulin?
hypoglycemia (tachycardia, confusion, sweating, and drowsiness), weight gain
metformin side effects
nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, metallic taste, diarrhea, and anorexia.
headache, dizziness, agitation, and fatigue. Blackbox: lactic acidosis
metformin education
- Extended-release tablets must be swallowed whole and not crushed or chewed.
- Fasting blood glucose levels should be obtained every 3 months, and the dose
adjusted accordingly.
- Discontinue the medication immediately if signs of acidosis are present
metformin labs to monitor
glucose
how does metformin work?
reduces fasting and postprandial glucose levels
by decreasing the hepatic production of glucose (gluconeogen-esis) and reducing
insulin resistance.
GLP1 receptor agonist
Exenatide, liraglutide
GLP1 receptor agonist action
GLP1 receptor agonist side effects
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, nervousness, injection site reactions
GLP1 receptor agonist administration
SGLT2 inhibitors
NUR 354
