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NGN HESI RN Pharmacology Real
Exams (4 Versions)
Questions with Correct Answers &
Rationales.
The nurse is reviewing medical record notes of a client with bladder cancer
who is prescribed concentrations of methotrexate followed by leucovorin
(citrovorum factor, folic acid). The nurse should include in the client's
education which information about the anticipated therapeutic effect of
leucovorin?
1."It promotes medication excretion."
2."It will promote protein synthesis."
3."It will help to preserve normal cells."
4. "It speeds up the effect of the methotrexate."
ANSWER: 3. It will help preserve normal cells
The administration of leucovorin with methotrexate is known as leucovorin rescue.
High concentrations of methotrexate cause harm and damage to normal cells.
Leucovorin bypasses the metabolic block caused by methotrexate, thereby
permitting normal cells to synthesize. Leucovorin rescue is potentially hazardous
because failure to administer leucovorin in the right dose at the right time can be
fatal.
A topical corticosteroid is prescribed for an infant with dermatitis in the
gluteal area. The nurse provides instructions to the mother regarding the use
of the medication. Which statement by the mother indicates an understanding
of the use of the medication?
1."I should not rub the medication into the skin."
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2."The medication will help relieve the inflammation."
3."I need to apply the medication in a thick layer to protect the skin."
4."I should protect the area by covering it with a diaper and plastic pants."
ANSWER: 2. The medication will help relieve the inflammation
A topical corticosteroid will relieve inflammation. The mother should be advised
not to apply a tight-fitting diaper or plastic pants after applying the medication
because these items will act as an occlusive dressing. The use of occlusive
dressings (bandages or plastic wraps) over the affected site is avoided after
application of the topical corticosteroid unless the health care provider specifically
prescribes this wound coverage. The medication is gently rubbed into the skin after
a thin layer is applied.
A client is seen in the clinic for complaints of thirst, frequent urination, and
headaches. After diagnostic studies, diabetes insipidus is diagnosed.
Desmopressin is prescribed. The client asks why this medication was
prescribed. Which is a correct statement by the nurse?
1."It relieves the headaches."
2."It increases water reabsorption."
3."It stimulates the production of aldosterone."
4."It decreases the production of the antidiuretic hormone."
ANSWER: 2. It increases water reabsorption
Desmopressin is an antidiuretic hormone (ADH) used in the treatment of diabetes
insipidus. It promotes renal conservation of water by acting on the collecting ducts
of the kidney to increase the permeability to water, which results in increased
water reabsorption. Desmopressin does not relieve headaches, stimulate
aldosterone, or decrease production of ADH.
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A client's medication sheet contains a prescription for sertraline. To ensure
safe administration of the medication, how should the nurse administer the
dose?
1.On an empty stomach
2.At the same time each evening
3.Evenly spaced around the clock
4. As needed when the client complains of depression
ANSWER: 2. At the same time every evening
Sertraline is classified as an antidepressant. Sertraline generally is administered
once every 24 hours. It may be administered in the morning or evening, but
evening administration may be preferable because drowsiness is a side effect. The
medication may be administered without food or with food if gastrointestinal
distress occurs. Sertraline is not prescribed for use as needed.
The nurse teaches a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes about storing
Humulin N insulin. Which statement indicates to the nurse that the client
understood the discharge teaching?
1."I should keep the insulin in the cabinet during the day only."
2."I know I have to keep my insulin in the refrigerator at all times."
3."I can store the open insulin bottle in the kitchen cabinet for 1 month."
4."The best place for my insulin is on the window sill, but in the cupboard is just as
good."
ANSWER: 3. I can store thew open insulin bottle in the kitchen cabinet for 1
month
An insulin vial in current use can be kept at room temperature for 1 month without
significant loss of activity. Direct sunlight and heat must be avoided. Therefore,
options 1, 2, and 4 are incorrect.
NGN HESI RN Pharmacology Real
Exams (4 Versions)
Questions with Correct Answers &
Rationales.
The nurse is reviewing medical record notes of a client with bladder cancer
who is prescribed concentrations of methotrexate followed by leucovorin
(citrovorum factor, folic acid). The nurse should include in the client's
education which information about the anticipated therapeutic effect of
leucovorin?
1."It promotes medication excretion."
2."It will promote protein synthesis."
3."It will help to preserve normal cells."
4. "It speeds up the effect of the methotrexate."
ANSWER: 3. It will help preserve normal cells
The administration of leucovorin with methotrexate is known as leucovorin rescue.
High concentrations of methotrexate cause harm and damage to normal cells.
Leucovorin bypasses the metabolic block caused by methotrexate, thereby
permitting normal cells to synthesize. Leucovorin rescue is potentially hazardous
because failure to administer leucovorin in the right dose at the right time can be
fatal.
A topical corticosteroid is prescribed for an infant with dermatitis in the
gluteal area. The nurse provides instructions to the mother regarding the use
of the medication. Which statement by the mother indicates an understanding
of the use of the medication?
1."I should not rub the medication into the skin."
,2|Page
2."The medication will help relieve the inflammation."
3."I need to apply the medication in a thick layer to protect the skin."
4."I should protect the area by covering it with a diaper and plastic pants."
ANSWER: 2. The medication will help relieve the inflammation
A topical corticosteroid will relieve inflammation. The mother should be advised
not to apply a tight-fitting diaper or plastic pants after applying the medication
because these items will act as an occlusive dressing. The use of occlusive
dressings (bandages or plastic wraps) over the affected site is avoided after
application of the topical corticosteroid unless the health care provider specifically
prescribes this wound coverage. The medication is gently rubbed into the skin after
a thin layer is applied.
A client is seen in the clinic for complaints of thirst, frequent urination, and
headaches. After diagnostic studies, diabetes insipidus is diagnosed.
Desmopressin is prescribed. The client asks why this medication was
prescribed. Which is a correct statement by the nurse?
1."It relieves the headaches."
2."It increases water reabsorption."
3."It stimulates the production of aldosterone."
4."It decreases the production of the antidiuretic hormone."
ANSWER: 2. It increases water reabsorption
Desmopressin is an antidiuretic hormone (ADH) used in the treatment of diabetes
insipidus. It promotes renal conservation of water by acting on the collecting ducts
of the kidney to increase the permeability to water, which results in increased
water reabsorption. Desmopressin does not relieve headaches, stimulate
aldosterone, or decrease production of ADH.
, 3|Page
A client's medication sheet contains a prescription for sertraline. To ensure
safe administration of the medication, how should the nurse administer the
dose?
1.On an empty stomach
2.At the same time each evening
3.Evenly spaced around the clock
4. As needed when the client complains of depression
ANSWER: 2. At the same time every evening
Sertraline is classified as an antidepressant. Sertraline generally is administered
once every 24 hours. It may be administered in the morning or evening, but
evening administration may be preferable because drowsiness is a side effect. The
medication may be administered without food or with food if gastrointestinal
distress occurs. Sertraline is not prescribed for use as needed.
The nurse teaches a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes about storing
Humulin N insulin. Which statement indicates to the nurse that the client
understood the discharge teaching?
1."I should keep the insulin in the cabinet during the day only."
2."I know I have to keep my insulin in the refrigerator at all times."
3."I can store the open insulin bottle in the kitchen cabinet for 1 month."
4."The best place for my insulin is on the window sill, but in the cupboard is just as
good."
ANSWER: 3. I can store thew open insulin bottle in the kitchen cabinet for 1
month
An insulin vial in current use can be kept at room temperature for 1 month without
significant loss of activity. Direct sunlight and heat must be avoided. Therefore,
options 1, 2, and 4 are incorrect.
