DATA GOVERNANCE EXAM 1 REVIEW QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS RATED 100% CORRECT.
Difference Between Data and Information Answer - 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚:
• Raw facts with no context.
▪ E.g., Name: John Smith
Age: 20
DOB: 3/13/2000
Major: Finance
Salary: $20,000
𝐈𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
• Processed data arranged in a meaningful way to facilitate decision making.
▪ E.g. "At age 20, John was earning $1,000 a month while studying finance."
𝐊𝐞𝐲 𝐏𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐬:
• Data constitutes the building blocks of information.
• Information is produced by processing data
• Information is used to reveal the meaning
• Accurate and timely information is essential to good decision-making.
What is a Database? Answer - 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐞:
,• A database is a shared, integrated software structure that houses a collection
of:
▪ Data (raw facts of interest)
▪ Metadata (Data about data or information about data's structure and
meaning).
𝐃𝐁𝐌𝐒:
• Database Management System (DBMS) is a collection of programs that
manage the database and control its access, making it possible to share the
data with applications and users.
Typical DBMS Capabilities Answer - • Data dictionary
• Query and reporting
• Data presentation for different users
• Backup and recovery
• Data integrity management
Relational DBMS Answer - • Represent data as two-dimensional tables.
• Each table contains data on entities and attributes.
• Table: Grid of Columns and Rows
▪ Rows aka records
,▪ Fields (aka columns) - represent attributes and store values.
▪ A primary key uniquely identifies each record.
▪ A foreign key is a primary key from one table used as a lookup value to
identify records in another table.
Problems with Traditional File Structure Answer - • Files maintained separately
by different departments.
• Data redundancy - unnecessarily duplicated data.
• Inconsistent data
▪ E.g., John Smith's age vs his DOB
• Lack of flexibility and data sharing.
• Poor security.
Data Modeling Answer - 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠:
• The basic building blocks of all data models are entities, attributes, and
relationships.
• Entity - person, place, thing, or event for which data.
• Attribute - characteristic of an entity.
• Relationships - describe the association among entities:
▪ 𝐎𝐧𝐞-𝐭𝐨-𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐲 (𝟏:𝐌):
, - A painter paints many different paintings, but each one is painted by only one
painter.
▪ 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐲-𝐭𝐨-𝐚𝐧𝐲 (𝐌:𝐌):
- Employee learns many job skills, each job skill might be learned by many
employees.
▪ 𝐎𝐧𝐞-𝐭𝐨-𝐨𝐧𝐞 (𝟏:𝟏):
- A Verizon manager oversees one store.
Logical vs Physical Model Answer -
Big Data Answer - • Massive sets of structured and unstructured data from
web traffic, social media, sensors, etc.
• Volumes of data are too great for a typical DBMS
• Can reveal more patterns and relationships.
• At its core, big data is about predictions.
• "Datafy" an event - capture an event in a quantified format so it can be
tabulated/analyzed.
Data Warehouse Answer - 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐖𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐬𝐞:
• A home for high value data or data assets that originates in other corporate
applications.
ANSWERS RATED 100% CORRECT.
Difference Between Data and Information Answer - 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚:
• Raw facts with no context.
▪ E.g., Name: John Smith
Age: 20
DOB: 3/13/2000
Major: Finance
Salary: $20,000
𝐈𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
• Processed data arranged in a meaningful way to facilitate decision making.
▪ E.g. "At age 20, John was earning $1,000 a month while studying finance."
𝐊𝐞𝐲 𝐏𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐬:
• Data constitutes the building blocks of information.
• Information is produced by processing data
• Information is used to reveal the meaning
• Accurate and timely information is essential to good decision-making.
What is a Database? Answer - 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐞:
,• A database is a shared, integrated software structure that houses a collection
of:
▪ Data (raw facts of interest)
▪ Metadata (Data about data or information about data's structure and
meaning).
𝐃𝐁𝐌𝐒:
• Database Management System (DBMS) is a collection of programs that
manage the database and control its access, making it possible to share the
data with applications and users.
Typical DBMS Capabilities Answer - • Data dictionary
• Query and reporting
• Data presentation for different users
• Backup and recovery
• Data integrity management
Relational DBMS Answer - • Represent data as two-dimensional tables.
• Each table contains data on entities and attributes.
• Table: Grid of Columns and Rows
▪ Rows aka records
,▪ Fields (aka columns) - represent attributes and store values.
▪ A primary key uniquely identifies each record.
▪ A foreign key is a primary key from one table used as a lookup value to
identify records in another table.
Problems with Traditional File Structure Answer - • Files maintained separately
by different departments.
• Data redundancy - unnecessarily duplicated data.
• Inconsistent data
▪ E.g., John Smith's age vs his DOB
• Lack of flexibility and data sharing.
• Poor security.
Data Modeling Answer - 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠:
• The basic building blocks of all data models are entities, attributes, and
relationships.
• Entity - person, place, thing, or event for which data.
• Attribute - characteristic of an entity.
• Relationships - describe the association among entities:
▪ 𝐎𝐧𝐞-𝐭𝐨-𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐲 (𝟏:𝐌):
, - A painter paints many different paintings, but each one is painted by only one
painter.
▪ 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐲-𝐭𝐨-𝐚𝐧𝐲 (𝐌:𝐌):
- Employee learns many job skills, each job skill might be learned by many
employees.
▪ 𝐎𝐧𝐞-𝐭𝐨-𝐨𝐧𝐞 (𝟏:𝟏):
- A Verizon manager oversees one store.
Logical vs Physical Model Answer -
Big Data Answer - • Massive sets of structured and unstructured data from
web traffic, social media, sensors, etc.
• Volumes of data are too great for a typical DBMS
• Can reveal more patterns and relationships.
• At its core, big data is about predictions.
• "Datafy" an event - capture an event in a quantified format so it can be
tabulated/analyzed.
Data Warehouse Answer - 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐖𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐬𝐞:
• A home for high value data or data assets that originates in other corporate
applications.
