BIOD 103 Mod 6 Exam: Questions & Answers
A patient was admitted to the hospital with acute abdominal pain,
nausea, and vomiting. An ERCP was performed, which diagnosed stones
in the CBD. Define the abbreviations in this sentence.
(Ans-
The abbreviation ERCP means endoscopic retrograde
cholangiopancreatography. The abbreviation CBD means common bile
duct.
The combining forms cholangi/o meaning bile duct and pancreat/o
meaning pancreas indicate which area is being visualized during this
scope.
A patient who is suspected of having stones in their GU tract was
ordered a KUB x-ray and a UA and UC. Define the abbreviations.
(Ans-
The abbreviation GU means genitourinary. The abbreviation KUB means
kidneys, ureters, bladder. A KUB x-ray is an imaging study that looks
specifically at the kidneys, ureters, and bladder via x-ray.
The abbreviations UA and UC mean urinalysis and urine cultures,
respectively, which are lab studies performed on a sample of urine.
,Identify and describe the different sources of bleeding in the upper GI
tract. How are upper GI bleeds generally treated?
(Ans-
Ulcers and tumors can bleed. Esophageal varices, dilated veins in the
lower esophagus, can be a source of bleeding. Mallory-Weiss tears,
lacerations at the gastroesophageal junction, can be a source of
bleeding. Finally, vascular abnormalities can cause bleeding.
Upper GI bleeds are typically addressed through an EGD, where the
location of the bleeding is identified and the source of the bleeding is
cauterized, clipped, or injected with medication to stop the blood loss.
AGN, where inflammatory lesions develop within the glomerulus, can
be a cause of AKI, and patients will experience hypertension, edema,
and abnormal sediment in the urine. Define the abbreviations.
(Ans-
The abbreviation AGN means acute glomerulonephritis and AKI means
acute kidney injury.
Describe the differences between hematemesis, hematochezia, and
melena.
(Ans-
Hematemesis is vomiting with blood in the emesis.
, Melena is stool that contains digested blood and appears as black, tarry
stools with a distinct odor.
Hematochezia is massive blood loss through the passage of large
volumes of bloody stool.
Identify and describe the different sources of bleeding within the lower
GI tract. How are lower GI bleeds generally treated?
(Ans-
Infectious colitis, anorectal disease, and inflammatory bowel diseases
are causes of bleeding within the lower GI tract.
Tumors, diverticular disease, and vascular abnormalities are also a
cause of bleeding. Bleeding is addressed through a colonoscopy.
Describe the common symptoms that a patient with cholecystitis will
present with and the indications for a cholecystectomy.
(Ans-
Patients with cholecystitis will present with abdominal pain in the right
upper quadrant (also called biliary pain), fever, and vomiting. Jaundice is
also a symptom of cholecystitis.
A patient was admitted to the hospital with acute abdominal pain,
nausea, and vomiting. An ERCP was performed, which diagnosed stones
in the CBD. Define the abbreviations in this sentence.
(Ans-
The abbreviation ERCP means endoscopic retrograde
cholangiopancreatography. The abbreviation CBD means common bile
duct.
The combining forms cholangi/o meaning bile duct and pancreat/o
meaning pancreas indicate which area is being visualized during this
scope.
A patient who is suspected of having stones in their GU tract was
ordered a KUB x-ray and a UA and UC. Define the abbreviations.
(Ans-
The abbreviation GU means genitourinary. The abbreviation KUB means
kidneys, ureters, bladder. A KUB x-ray is an imaging study that looks
specifically at the kidneys, ureters, and bladder via x-ray.
The abbreviations UA and UC mean urinalysis and urine cultures,
respectively, which are lab studies performed on a sample of urine.
,Identify and describe the different sources of bleeding in the upper GI
tract. How are upper GI bleeds generally treated?
(Ans-
Ulcers and tumors can bleed. Esophageal varices, dilated veins in the
lower esophagus, can be a source of bleeding. Mallory-Weiss tears,
lacerations at the gastroesophageal junction, can be a source of
bleeding. Finally, vascular abnormalities can cause bleeding.
Upper GI bleeds are typically addressed through an EGD, where the
location of the bleeding is identified and the source of the bleeding is
cauterized, clipped, or injected with medication to stop the blood loss.
AGN, where inflammatory lesions develop within the glomerulus, can
be a cause of AKI, and patients will experience hypertension, edema,
and abnormal sediment in the urine. Define the abbreviations.
(Ans-
The abbreviation AGN means acute glomerulonephritis and AKI means
acute kidney injury.
Describe the differences between hematemesis, hematochezia, and
melena.
(Ans-
Hematemesis is vomiting with blood in the emesis.
, Melena is stool that contains digested blood and appears as black, tarry
stools with a distinct odor.
Hematochezia is massive blood loss through the passage of large
volumes of bloody stool.
Identify and describe the different sources of bleeding within the lower
GI tract. How are lower GI bleeds generally treated?
(Ans-
Infectious colitis, anorectal disease, and inflammatory bowel diseases
are causes of bleeding within the lower GI tract.
Tumors, diverticular disease, and vascular abnormalities are also a
cause of bleeding. Bleeding is addressed through a colonoscopy.
Describe the common symptoms that a patient with cholecystitis will
present with and the indications for a cholecystectomy.
(Ans-
Patients with cholecystitis will present with abdominal pain in the right
upper quadrant (also called biliary pain), fever, and vomiting. Jaundice is
also a symptom of cholecystitis.
