Test Bank Advanced Physiology And Pathophysiology: Essentials For Clinical Practice, 2nd Edition Nancy C. Tkacs,Linda L. Herrmann All Chapters 1-17 With Questions And Answers Complete A+ Guide ISBN:9780826177087

, Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clin
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ical Practice 2end Edition Tkacs
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Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICALPRACTIC
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E


1. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:
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A) fever.
B) fatigue.
C) redness.

D) granuloma.


2.
The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is initiated b
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y momentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation that causes loca
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lized:
A) bleeding.

B) congestion.
C) pale skin. @r




D) coolness.


3.
The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movemen
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t of leukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives earl
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y in great numbers?
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A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes

C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets

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on Tkacs


4.
The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is the
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@r initial step in the process?
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A) Engulfment
B) Intracellular killing @r




C) Antigen margination @r




D) Recognition and adherence @r @r




5.
Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased ca
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pillary permeability and pain?
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A) Serotonin

B) Histamine

C) Bradykinin
D) Nitric oxide @r




6.
Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types. Which
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of the following exudates is composed of enmeshed necrotic cells?
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A) Serous
B) Fibrinous
C) Suppurative
D) Membranous


7. The acute- @r


phase systemic response usually begins within hours of the onset of inf
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lammation and includes: @r @r




A) fever and lethargy.
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B) decreased C-reactive protein. @r @r




C) positive nitrogen balance.
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D) low erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
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8.
In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characteriz
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ed by which of the following phenomena?
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A) Profuse fibrinous exudation
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B) A shift to the left of granulocytes
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C) Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis
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D) Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages @r @r @r




9. Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin-
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1) and the presence of bacteria in the blood lead to the release of endo
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genous pyrogens that:
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A) stabilize thermal control in the brain.
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B) produce leukocytosis and anorexia.
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C) block viral replication in cells.
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D) inhibit prostaglandin release.
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10
An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while attempt
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ed
.
to boost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute infla
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mmation in the region surrounding the wound. Which of the following
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events will occur during the vascular stage of the patients inflammatio
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n?
A) Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces
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B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium
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D) Phagocytosis of cellular debris @r @r @r




11 Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of
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. experiencing chronic inflammation? @r @r




A) A patient who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
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B) A patient who is a carrier of an antibiotic-resistant organism
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C) A patient who is taking oral antibiotics for an upper respiratory infection
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D) A patient who is morbidly obese and who has a sedentary lifestyle
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12 Which of the following core body temperatures is within normal range?
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.
A) 35.9C (96.6F) @r