ONS ONCC CHEMOTHERAPY IMMUNOTHERAPY CERTIFICATE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT

ONS ONCC CHEMOTHERAPY IMMUNOTHERAPY
CERTIFICATE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
LessonQ1:QFoundationsQtoQSetQtheQStageQ-QCORRECTQANSWERS



FocusingQonQCellularQStructureQandQFunctionQ-QCORRECTQANSWERS



TheQNormalQCellQCycleQ-QCORRECTQANSWERS-
TheQcellQcycleQrefersQtoQtheQorderedQseresQofQprocessesQofQDNAQreplicationQandQmitosis,QorQcellQd
ivision



-
CellQnucleusQregulatesQtheseQprocessesQbyQgatheringQandQprocessingQcomplexesQmolecularQinfor
mation



InterphaseQandQMitoticQPhaseQ-
QCORRECTQANSWERSCellQdivisionQproducesQtwoQidenticalQcellsQthroughQtheseQtwoQmajorQphases




DuringQinterphase:Q-
QCORRECTQANSWERSCellQgrowsQandQDNAQisQreplicatedQthroughQtheQfollowingQthreeQsteps:




1:QFirstQgrowthQphaseQ(G1QorQfirstQgap)



2:QSynthesisQphaseQ(SQphase)



3:MitoticQPhseQ(MQphase)

,FirstQGrowthQPhaseQ(G1QorQfirstQgap)Q-QCORRECTQANSWERS-cellsQincreaseQinQsize



-reproduceQRNA



-"qualityQassurance"QtestQthatQtheQcellQwillQbeQreadyQtoQsynthesisQDNA



-LengthQofQtimeQisQvariable,QcanQbeQfromQhoursQtoQdays



SynthesisQPhaseQ(SQphase)Q-QCORRECTQANSWERS-DNAQreplicates



-ResultsQinQtheQformationQofQidenticalQpairsQofQDNAQ(chromatids)



-whichQareQattachedQaQtQtheQcentromere



-lastsQ2-10Qhours



MitoticQPhaseQ(MQphase)Q-QCORRECTQANSWERS-
ReplicatedQchromosomesQareQaligned,Qseparated,QandQmoveQintoQ2Qnew,QidenticalQdaughterQcells



-takesQaboutQ30-60Qminutes



MajorQpointsQofQcellQregulationQareQentryQandQexitQfromQ-QCORRECTQANSWERS-G1Qcheckpoint



-SQPhase



-G2Qcheckpoint

,-MQphase



RestrictionQPointQ-QCORRECTQANSWERS-
TheQtransitionQfromQtheQrestingQphaseQintoQanQactivelyQdividingQphaseQ(G0-
G1)QisQaQpointQwhereQcellularQtransformationQcanQoccurQ



-DuringQthisQtime,QcellsQpassQthroughQaQtransitionQphaseQknownQasQaQrestrictionQpoint



-
ExtracellularQgrowthQfactorsQtriggerQreentryQintoQG1,QandQGFQareQrequiredQtoQsendQtheQcellsQpastQ
theQrestrictionQpoint,QorQtheQpointQofQnoQreturn



G0QPhaseQ(restingQphase)Q-QCORRECTQANSWERS-
AfterQmitosis,QcellsQmayQenterQbackQintoQtheQG1QphaseQorQgoQintoQaQrestingQphase,QknownQasQG0



-MostQcellsQinQtheQhumanQbodyQresideQinQG0



-ExceptionsQtoQthisQareQthoseQthatQareQ(RestingQinQG0Qphase)Q-QCORRECTQANSWERS-
ExceptionsQtoQthisQareQthoseQthatQareQmetabollicallyQactive,QsuchQasQ



-granulocytesQ



-andQtheQepitheliumQofQtheQGIQtract



CellQCyclingQTimeQ-QCORRECTQANSWERSAmountQofQtimeQfromQmitosisQtoQmitosis

, CellQcycleQvideoQandQimageQ-
QCORRECTQANSWERShttp://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapt


er2/animation__how_the_cell_cycle_works.html



CheckQpointsQinQtheQCellQCycle:QKeepingQitQAllQUnderQControlQ-QCORRECTQANSWERS-
TheQcellQcycleQisQcarefullyQcontrolledQthroughQaQseriesQofQcheckpoints



-
VariationQinQduplicationQorQdistributionQofQchromosomesQduringQcellQdivisionQcanQalterQtheQgenet
icQinformationQpassedQonQtoQdaughterQcells,QleadingQtoQcellularQdysfunctionQandQdisease,QsuchQas
Qcancer




-TheseQcheckpointsQmonitorQforQDNAQintegrityQandQcontrolQprogressionQthroughQmitosis



ProgressionQthroughQtheQcellQcycleQisQcontrolledQthroughQtwoQproteins:Q-
QCORRECTQANSWERS1.QcyclinesQ(D,QE,QA,QB)




2.QCyclin-dependentQkinasesQ(CDKs)



-Cyclin-CDKQcomplexQallowsQtheQcellQtoQprogressQthroughQeachQphaseQofQtheQcellQcycle



LocationsQofQproteinsQCyclinsQ(D,QE,QA,QB)QandQCDKsQ-QCORRECTQANSWERS-(G0-
G1)Q:QCyclinQDQandQCDKQ4/6



-EarlyQS:QCyclinQEQandQCDKQ1/2



-LateQS:QCyclinQAQandQCDKQ1/2