COMPLETE TEST BANK FOR RACE ETHNICITY
GENDER AND CLASS 9TH EDITION JOSEPH F.
HEALEY 2026 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
WITH ANSWERS
◉ Salient features. Answer: Obviously visible features like hair type
and skin tone.
◉ Grouping of races. Answer: Once believed to be biologically
distinct; these groupings were thought to predict human traits,
behaviors, or social outcomes.
◉ RACE IS JUST A SOCIAL CONSTRUCT. Answer: 85% of biological
variation occurs within any population; only 15% of biological
variation occurs between any two populations.
◉ NONCONCORDANCE. Answer: So-called race traits (skin color,
hair type) do not co-vary in any meaningful way with any other
genetic traits.
◉ Biological reality of race categories. Answer: No, because people
in different 'races' are not biologically distinct.
, ◉ Genetic difference within vs. across races. Answer: 85% of
biological variation occurs within any population; only 15% of
biological variation occurs between any two populations.
◉ Continuous distribution of genetic traits. Answer: Skin color
example.
◉ Complex traits prediction. Answer: Complex traits like musical
ability or being good at math are predicted by genetics, not race.
◉ Social construct of race. Answer: A social category based on
assumed biological distinction.
◉ Prejudice. Answer: Negative reactions to a category of people,
including cognitive aspects (beliefs) and affective reactions (negative
feelings).
◉ Discrimination. Answer: Consists of actions, policies,
withholdings, or barriers against a group of people.
◉ Basis of discrimination. Answer: Can be based on race, ethnicity,
disability, gender and gender expression, sexual orientation, age,
pregnancy status, religion, socioeconomic status, and certain beliefs
and voluntary memberships.
GENDER AND CLASS 9TH EDITION JOSEPH F.
HEALEY 2026 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
WITH ANSWERS
◉ Salient features. Answer: Obviously visible features like hair type
and skin tone.
◉ Grouping of races. Answer: Once believed to be biologically
distinct; these groupings were thought to predict human traits,
behaviors, or social outcomes.
◉ RACE IS JUST A SOCIAL CONSTRUCT. Answer: 85% of biological
variation occurs within any population; only 15% of biological
variation occurs between any two populations.
◉ NONCONCORDANCE. Answer: So-called race traits (skin color,
hair type) do not co-vary in any meaningful way with any other
genetic traits.
◉ Biological reality of race categories. Answer: No, because people
in different 'races' are not biologically distinct.
, ◉ Genetic difference within vs. across races. Answer: 85% of
biological variation occurs within any population; only 15% of
biological variation occurs between any two populations.
◉ Continuous distribution of genetic traits. Answer: Skin color
example.
◉ Complex traits prediction. Answer: Complex traits like musical
ability or being good at math are predicted by genetics, not race.
◉ Social construct of race. Answer: A social category based on
assumed biological distinction.
◉ Prejudice. Answer: Negative reactions to a category of people,
including cognitive aspects (beliefs) and affective reactions (negative
feelings).
◉ Discrimination. Answer: Consists of actions, policies,
withholdings, or barriers against a group of people.
◉ Basis of discrimination. Answer: Can be based on race, ethnicity,
disability, gender and gender expression, sexual orientation, age,
pregnancy status, religion, socioeconomic status, and certain beliefs
and voluntary memberships.
