PAPER FULLY SOLVED EDITION WITH 126
VERIFIED ANSWERS 2026
⩥ Example of Quantitative Research. Answer: Studying the efficacy and
safety of a specific medication in treating a particular medical condition
compared to other treatments or placebo.
⩥ Example of Quantitative Research. Answer: Investigating the
correlation between specific genetic markers and the risk of developing
certain diseases or conditions, such as the BRCA gene and breast cancer
risk.
⩥ Example of Quantitative Research. Answer: Analyzing the cost-
effectiveness of a particular medical intervention or treatment, such as a
new drug or surgical procedure.
⩥ Example of Quantitative Research. Answer: Assessing the impact of a
specific public health intervention, such as a vaccination program, on
disease incidence and prevalence.
⩥ Key Characteristics of Quantitative Research. Answer: Numeric -
measurable, graphs, tables, etc.
,⩥ Key Characteristics of Quantitative Research. Answer: Verifiable,
accurate - value of the data is in the number.
⩥ Key Characteristics of Quantitative Research. Answer: Examples are
sample size (n), mean, median, mode, range, standard deviation.
⩥ Qualitative Research. Answer: Involves the analysis of non-numeric
data, describing observations, experiences, or phenomena. Qualitative
research relies on methods such as interviews, observations, or content
analysis to gather and interpret subjective information. The data is often
categorized before summarizing, allowing for a deeper understanding of
complex and context-specific phenomena.
⩥ Qualitative Research: Examples related to chronic illnesses. Answer:
The experiences of patients living with chronic illnesses, such as cancer,
diabetes, or mental health disorders.
⩥ Qualitative Research: Examples related to healthcare disparities.
Answer: Investigate disparities in healthcare access, utilization, and
outcomes among different population groups, such as racial or ethnic
minorities, socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals, or rural
communities.
⩥ Qualitative Research: Examples related to healthcare quality
assessment. Answer: Study assesses the quality of healthcare services
from the perspective of patients, caregivers, or healthcare providers.
,⩥ Qualitative Research: Examples related to healthcare interventions.
Answer: Evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of healthcare
interventions, such as new treatments, programs, or policies.
⩥ Qualitative Research: Examples related to end-of-life care. Answer:
Explore the experiences and preferences of patients, families, and
healthcare providers regarding end-of-life care and decision-making.
⩥ Qualitative Research: Examples related to health behaviors. Answer:
Investigate factors influencing health behaviors, such as diet, exercise,
smoking, or medication adherence.
⩥ Nominal Variable. Answer: Involves names or categories. Examples
includes various cancer types, different insurance companies, specialties
offered
⩥ Ordinal Variable. Answer: Involves order of a category. For example,
a pain scale, a stage of cancer, a trimester of pregnancy
⩥ Ordinal Variable. Answer: Type of variable where the order or ranking
of values matters, but the differences between values may not be
uniform. In these, the intervals between values are not consistent. An
example is a pain scale where the order of pain severity matters, but the
difference between a rank of "7" and "5" may not be the same as
between "5" and "3".
, ⩥ Interval Variable. Answer: Difference between two values or numbers.
For example, body temperature, height, weight, age etc
⩥ Ratio Variable. Answer: Defines rates or numbers. For example, UTI
rates a nursing home, male female proportion of a disease, percentage of
hospital readmissions etc
⩥ Independent Variable. Answer: Control. Doesn't change. It is
manipulated or controlled in experiments to observe its impact on the
outcome.
⩥ Dependent Variable. Answer: Experimental, changeable. The outcome
or response being studied.
⩥ Confounding Variables. Answer: May obscure the effect of the
variables in the data. They are often uncontrollable by the researcher.
⩥ Continuous Variable. Answer: Meaningful difference between values
⩥ Dichotomous Variable. Answer: Occurs in two possible states. For
example; diabetic or non-diabetic