NMNC 3210 - EXAM 1 | EVERY QUESTION SOLVED |
EVERY SCORE SECURED!
How is fluid balance maintained in the body? - Answer: Electrolytes help maintain fluid
levels.
Kidneys help maintain electrolyte levels - filtration of electrolytes and water occur from
blood, some being returned to blood, and rest excreted with urine.
What is the role of antidiuretic hormones (ADH)? - Answer: Regulates/balances water
level in blood.
Acts to maintain BP, volume, and tissue water.
Seen in concentration of urine.
Produced by the Hypothalamus - stored in Pituitary Gland, which directs the Kidney on
how much *water is needed to be conserved.
What happens if there is a decrease in Extracellular fluid (ECF) volume? Or if the ECF
becomes hypertonic? - Answer: Osmoreceptors, within Hypothalamus, stimulate
Pituitary to increase antidiuretic hormones to be secreted.
"DON'T PEE HORMONE"
Alters renal collecting duct permeability - water to be reabsorbed or eliminated.
Retention increases fluid volume and BP - decreasing urine ouput.
What is the mnuemonic for Hypokalemia? - Answer: "Body is trying to DITCH
potassium"
Drugs (laxatives/diuretics)
1
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,Inadequate intake of K+ (anorexia/nausea)
Too much water intake (diulting K+)
Cushings syndrome (high secretion of Aldosterone)
Heavy fluid loss (NG suction, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, wound drainage)
Other causes of Hypokalemia? - Answer: Alkalosis and Hyperinsulinism
What does the pulse feel like with Hypokalemia? - Answer: Weak. Irregular and thready
What are the 7 L's of Hypokalemia? - Answer: Lethargic
Low shallow respiratory
Lethal cardiac changes
Loss of urine
Leg cramps
Limp muscles
Low BP and HR
What drugs are potassium sparing? - Answer: Spironolactone, aldactone, maxide, and
triamterene
How is electrolyte balance maintained in the body? - Answer: By the Kidneys - filters
electrolytes and water from blood. Some returned to blood and some excreted through
urine.
Role of sodium? - Answer: Regulates fluid balance
Role of calcium? - Answer: Blood coagulation
2
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, Role of potassium? - Answer: Cardiac rhythm and muscle contraction
Role of magnesium? - Answer: Immune function
Role of phosphorus? - Answer: Acid-Base balance
Normal levels of potassium? - Answer: 3.5-5.0 meq/L
"Cardiac Rhythm"
Where can potassium be found and what is its function? - Answer: Intracellular and
generates electrical impulses in the body to allow muscles and the brain to function.
Hyperkalemia - Answer: Too much potassium. Causes abnormal electrical conduction of
the heart (dysrhythmia), Kidney failure.
*Heart and GI are tight and contracted - causing confusion, diarrhea, hyperactive bowel
syndrome, muscle weakness, and sometimes paralysis of extremities
Hypokalemia - Answer: To little potassium. Caused from vomiting, diarrhea, sweating,
and drugs - diuretic or laxatives.
*Heart is low and slow - weak pulse, constipation, and polyuria (large volumes of dilute
urine).
Normal sodium levels? - Answer: 135-145 meq/L
"Fluid Balance"
3
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
EVERY SCORE SECURED!
How is fluid balance maintained in the body? - Answer: Electrolytes help maintain fluid
levels.
Kidneys help maintain electrolyte levels - filtration of electrolytes and water occur from
blood, some being returned to blood, and rest excreted with urine.
What is the role of antidiuretic hormones (ADH)? - Answer: Regulates/balances water
level in blood.
Acts to maintain BP, volume, and tissue water.
Seen in concentration of urine.
Produced by the Hypothalamus - stored in Pituitary Gland, which directs the Kidney on
how much *water is needed to be conserved.
What happens if there is a decrease in Extracellular fluid (ECF) volume? Or if the ECF
becomes hypertonic? - Answer: Osmoreceptors, within Hypothalamus, stimulate
Pituitary to increase antidiuretic hormones to be secreted.
"DON'T PEE HORMONE"
Alters renal collecting duct permeability - water to be reabsorbed or eliminated.
Retention increases fluid volume and BP - decreasing urine ouput.
What is the mnuemonic for Hypokalemia? - Answer: "Body is trying to DITCH
potassium"
Drugs (laxatives/diuretics)
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
,Inadequate intake of K+ (anorexia/nausea)
Too much water intake (diulting K+)
Cushings syndrome (high secretion of Aldosterone)
Heavy fluid loss (NG suction, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, wound drainage)
Other causes of Hypokalemia? - Answer: Alkalosis and Hyperinsulinism
What does the pulse feel like with Hypokalemia? - Answer: Weak. Irregular and thready
What are the 7 L's of Hypokalemia? - Answer: Lethargic
Low shallow respiratory
Lethal cardiac changes
Loss of urine
Leg cramps
Limp muscles
Low BP and HR
What drugs are potassium sparing? - Answer: Spironolactone, aldactone, maxide, and
triamterene
How is electrolyte balance maintained in the body? - Answer: By the Kidneys - filters
electrolytes and water from blood. Some returned to blood and some excreted through
urine.
Role of sodium? - Answer: Regulates fluid balance
Role of calcium? - Answer: Blood coagulation
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, Role of potassium? - Answer: Cardiac rhythm and muscle contraction
Role of magnesium? - Answer: Immune function
Role of phosphorus? - Answer: Acid-Base balance
Normal levels of potassium? - Answer: 3.5-5.0 meq/L
"Cardiac Rhythm"
Where can potassium be found and what is its function? - Answer: Intracellular and
generates electrical impulses in the body to allow muscles and the brain to function.
Hyperkalemia - Answer: Too much potassium. Causes abnormal electrical conduction of
the heart (dysrhythmia), Kidney failure.
*Heart and GI are tight and contracted - causing confusion, diarrhea, hyperactive bowel
syndrome, muscle weakness, and sometimes paralysis of extremities
Hypokalemia - Answer: To little potassium. Caused from vomiting, diarrhea, sweating,
and drugs - diuretic or laxatives.
*Heart is low and slow - weak pulse, constipation, and polyuria (large volumes of dilute
urine).
Normal sodium levels? - Answer: 135-145 meq/L
"Fluid Balance"
3
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
