PSY 657 STUDY GUIDE UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Heroin - ✔✔powerful psychoactive drug, chemically derived from morphine, that
relives pain but is even more intense and addictive than morphine.
✔✔Endorphins - ✔✔opiates produced in the brain and throughout the body that function
like neurotransmitters to dampen pain sensations. They also play a role in the body's
building up tolerance to certain drugs.
✔✔Cocaine - ✔✔stimulating and pain-reducing psychoactive drug.
✔✔Amphetamines - ✔✔drugs that produces a psychologically stimulating and
energizing effect.
✔✔Barbiturates - ✔✔synthetic drugs that act as depressants to calm the individual and
induce sleep.
✔✔Hallucinogens - ✔✔drugs known to induce hallucinations; often referred to as
psychedelics.
✔✔Pathological (compulsive) Gambling - ✔✔progressive disorder characterized by loss
of control over gambling, preoccupation with gambling and obtaining money for
gambling, and irrational gambling behavior in spite of adverse consequences.
✔✔psychosis - ✔✔severe impairment in the ability to tell what is real and what is not
real
✔✔Hallucinations - ✔✔false perceptions such as things seen or heard that are not real
or present.
✔✔Delusions - ✔✔an erroneous belief that is fixed and firmly held despite clear
contradictory evidence. Involves a disturbance in the content of thought. Common in
schizophrenia.
✔✔Schizophrenia - ✔✔disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions,
disorganized speech and behavior, as well as problems in self-care and general
functioning.
✔✔expressed emotion - ✔✔is a measure of the family environment that is based on
how a family member speaks about the patient during a private interview with a
researcher. Type of negative communication involving excessive criticism and
emotional overinvolvement directed at a patient by family members.
, ✔✔positive symptoms - ✔✔symptoms that are characterized by something being added
to normal behavior or experience. Includes delusions, hallucinations, motor agitation,
and marked emotional turmoil. Those that reflect an excess or distortion in a normal
repertoire of behavior and experience such as delusions and hallucinations.
✔✔negative symptoms - ✔✔reflect an absence or deficit of behaviors that are normally
present (e.g., blunted affect, social withdrawal).
✔✔Dopamine - ✔✔is produced form L-DOPA by the enzyme dopamine decarboxylase.
One of the most important neurotransmitters implicated in schizophrenia.
✔✔schizophreniform - ✔✔category reserved for schizophrenia-like psychoses that last
at least a month but do not last for 6 months and so do not warrant a diagnosis of
schizophrenia
✔✔delusional disorder - ✔✔nurturing, giving voice to, and sometimes taking action on
beliefs that are considered completely false by others; formerly called paranoia.
✔✔shared psychotic disorder - ✔✔rare type of mental illness in which a healthy person
starts to take on the delusions of someone who has a psychotic disorder such as
schizophrenia.
✔✔brief psychotic disorder - ✔✔brief episodes (lasting a month or less) of otherwise
uncomplicated delusional thinking
✔✔Casual Factors - ✔✔genetic factors such as having a relative with schizophrenia
increases the risk. Other factors include prenatal exposure to viruses, rhesus
incompatibility, pregnancy and birth complications, early nutritional deficiencies,
maternal stress, maternal inflammation, and head injury.
✔✔delirium - ✔✔state of mental confusion characterized by relatively rapid onset of
widespread disorganization of the higher mental processes, caused by a generalized
disturbance in brain metabolism. May include impaired perception, memory, and
thinking and psychomotor activity.
✔✔major neurocognitive disorder - ✔✔a new DSM-5 diagnosis, this involves sever
impairment in cognitive functioning that reflects a significant decline from the person's
previous level of performance. The problems in cognitive functioning create problems
for the person in terms of their ability to perform routine activities.
✔✔Treatment for Schizophrenia pt. 1 - Antipsychotic Meds (Major Tranquilizers) -
✔✔work by blocking dopamine receptors and may be linked to brain tissue loss
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Heroin - ✔✔powerful psychoactive drug, chemically derived from morphine, that
relives pain but is even more intense and addictive than morphine.
✔✔Endorphins - ✔✔opiates produced in the brain and throughout the body that function
like neurotransmitters to dampen pain sensations. They also play a role in the body's
building up tolerance to certain drugs.
✔✔Cocaine - ✔✔stimulating and pain-reducing psychoactive drug.
✔✔Amphetamines - ✔✔drugs that produces a psychologically stimulating and
energizing effect.
✔✔Barbiturates - ✔✔synthetic drugs that act as depressants to calm the individual and
induce sleep.
✔✔Hallucinogens - ✔✔drugs known to induce hallucinations; often referred to as
psychedelics.
✔✔Pathological (compulsive) Gambling - ✔✔progressive disorder characterized by loss
of control over gambling, preoccupation with gambling and obtaining money for
gambling, and irrational gambling behavior in spite of adverse consequences.
✔✔psychosis - ✔✔severe impairment in the ability to tell what is real and what is not
real
✔✔Hallucinations - ✔✔false perceptions such as things seen or heard that are not real
or present.
✔✔Delusions - ✔✔an erroneous belief that is fixed and firmly held despite clear
contradictory evidence. Involves a disturbance in the content of thought. Common in
schizophrenia.
✔✔Schizophrenia - ✔✔disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions,
disorganized speech and behavior, as well as problems in self-care and general
functioning.
✔✔expressed emotion - ✔✔is a measure of the family environment that is based on
how a family member speaks about the patient during a private interview with a
researcher. Type of negative communication involving excessive criticism and
emotional overinvolvement directed at a patient by family members.
, ✔✔positive symptoms - ✔✔symptoms that are characterized by something being added
to normal behavior or experience. Includes delusions, hallucinations, motor agitation,
and marked emotional turmoil. Those that reflect an excess or distortion in a normal
repertoire of behavior and experience such as delusions and hallucinations.
✔✔negative symptoms - ✔✔reflect an absence or deficit of behaviors that are normally
present (e.g., blunted affect, social withdrawal).
✔✔Dopamine - ✔✔is produced form L-DOPA by the enzyme dopamine decarboxylase.
One of the most important neurotransmitters implicated in schizophrenia.
✔✔schizophreniform - ✔✔category reserved for schizophrenia-like psychoses that last
at least a month but do not last for 6 months and so do not warrant a diagnosis of
schizophrenia
✔✔delusional disorder - ✔✔nurturing, giving voice to, and sometimes taking action on
beliefs that are considered completely false by others; formerly called paranoia.
✔✔shared psychotic disorder - ✔✔rare type of mental illness in which a healthy person
starts to take on the delusions of someone who has a psychotic disorder such as
schizophrenia.
✔✔brief psychotic disorder - ✔✔brief episodes (lasting a month or less) of otherwise
uncomplicated delusional thinking
✔✔Casual Factors - ✔✔genetic factors such as having a relative with schizophrenia
increases the risk. Other factors include prenatal exposure to viruses, rhesus
incompatibility, pregnancy and birth complications, early nutritional deficiencies,
maternal stress, maternal inflammation, and head injury.
✔✔delirium - ✔✔state of mental confusion characterized by relatively rapid onset of
widespread disorganization of the higher mental processes, caused by a generalized
disturbance in brain metabolism. May include impaired perception, memory, and
thinking and psychomotor activity.
✔✔major neurocognitive disorder - ✔✔a new DSM-5 diagnosis, this involves sever
impairment in cognitive functioning that reflects a significant decline from the person's
previous level of performance. The problems in cognitive functioning create problems
for the person in terms of their ability to perform routine activities.
✔✔Treatment for Schizophrenia pt. 1 - Antipsychotic Meds (Major Tranquilizers) -
✔✔work by blocking dopamine receptors and may be linked to brain tissue loss
