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Category Theory for the Sciences (1st Edition, 2015) – Solutions Manual – Spivak

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INSTANT PDF DOWNLOAD — Comprehensive Solutions Manual for Category Theory for the Sciences (1st Edition, 2015) by David I. Spivak. Includes all 7 chapters with step-by-step logical proofs, solved exercises, and conceptual explanations. Ideal for computer science, mathematics, data science, and systems modeling students studying category theory applications. Category Theory for the Sciences solutions manual, Spivak category theory answers, category theory solved exercises, category theory applications in science, mathematics and computing solutions manual, category theory textbook PDF, applied category theory study guide, category theory problem solutions, Spivak category theory manual, theoretical computer science solutions, logic and structure solutions manual, data science foundations category theory, category theory exercises solved, mathematical structures textbook answers, category theory 1st edition Spivak, abstract algebra and logic solutions, applied mathematics category theory, systems modeling with category theory, category theory workbook PDF, category theory course companion

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ALL 7 CHAPTERS COVERED




SOLUTIONS MANUAL

,Contents

2 The Category of Sets 5
2.1 Sets and functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1.1 Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1.2 Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 Commutative diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.3 Ologs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.3.1 Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.3.2 Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.3.3 Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

3 Fundamental Considerations in Set 23
3.1 Products and coproducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.1.1 Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.1.2 Coproducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.2 Finite limits in Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.2.1 Pullbacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.2.2 Spans, experiments, and matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.2.3 Equalizers and terminal objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.3 Finite colimits in Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.3.1 Background: equivalence relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.3.2 Pushouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.3.3 Other finite colimits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.4 Other notions in Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.4.1 Retractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.4.2 Currying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.4.3 Arithmetic of sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.4.4 Subobjects and characteristic functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3.4.5 Surjections, injections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

1

,2 CONTENTS

3.4.6 Multisets, relative sets, and set-indexed sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

4 Categories and Functors, Without Admitting It 59
4.1 Monoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
4.1.1 Definition and examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
4.1.2 Monoid actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
4.1.3 Monoid action tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
4.1.4 Monoid homomorphisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
4.2 Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
4.2.1 Definition and examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
4.3 Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
4.3.1 Definition and examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
4.3.2 Paths in a graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
4.3.3 Graph homomorphisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
4.4 Orders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
4.4.1 Definitions of preorder, partial order, linear order . . . . . . . . . . 84
4.4.2 Meets and joins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
4.4.3 Opposite order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
4.4.4 Morphism of orders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
4.4.5 Other applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
4.5 Databases: schemas and instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
4.5.1 What are databases? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
4.5.2 Schemas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
4.5.3 Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

5 Basic Category Theory 103
5.1 Categories and functors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
5.1.1 Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
5.1.2 Functors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
5.2 Common categories and functors from pure math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
5.2.1 Monoids, groups, preorders, and graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
5.2.2 Database schemas present categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
5.2.3 Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
5.2.4 Logic, set theory, and computer science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
5.2.5 Categories applied in science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
5.3 Natural transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
5.3.1 Definition and examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
5.3.2 Vertical and horizontal composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
5.3.3 The category of instances on a database schema . . . . . . . . . . 138
5.3.4 Equivalence of categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

, CONTENTS 3

5.4 Categories and schemas are equivalent, Cat » Sch . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
5.4.1 The category Sch of schemas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
5.4.2 Proving the equivalence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

6 Fundamental Considerations of Categories 149
6.1 Limits and colimits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
6.1.1 Products and coproducts in a category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
6.1.2 Diagrams in a category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
6.1.3 Limits and colimits in a category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
6.2 Other notions in Cat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
6.2.1 Opposite categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
6.2.2 Grothendieck construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
6.2.3 Full subcategory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
6.2.4 Comma categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
6.2.5 Arithmetic of categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

7 Categories at Work 167
7.1 Adjoint functors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
7.1.1 Discussion and definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
7.1.2 Universal concepts in terms of adjoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
7.1.3 Preservation of colimits or limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
7.1.4 Data migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
7.2 Categories of functors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
7.2.1 Set-valued functors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
7.2.2 Database instances in other categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
7.2.3 Sheaves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
7.3 Monads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
7.3.1 Monads formalize context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
7.3.2 Definition and examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
7.3.3 Kleisli category of a monad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
7.3.4 Monads in databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
7.3.5 Monads and adjunctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
7.4 Operads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
7.4.1 Definition and classical examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
7.4.2 Applications of operads and their algebras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

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