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Hartman’s Nursing Assistant Care – Chapters 5 & 6 (2025/2026) | 100+ Solved Q&A | Dementia, Alzheimer’s, ADLs, Hygiene, Safety

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This document is a fully solved exam review covering Chapters 5 and 6 of Hartman’s Nursing Assistant Care textbook, tailored for the 2025/2026 academic year. It includes over 100 accurately answered questions and definitions to support nursing assistant students preparing for CNA, LNA, and related certification exams across the U.S. Chapter 5 focuses on cognitive and memory-related disorders, including: – Confusion, delirium, and cognitive impairment – Dementia types: Alzheimer’s disease, Lewy body, Parkinson’s, and vascular dementia – Alzheimer’s symptoms, progression, gender and racial disparities, and causes – Behavioral responses: agitation, sundowning, catastrophic reactions, hallucinations, and elopement – Non-pharmacological care techniques: validation therapy, reminiscence therapy, activity therapy – NA responsibilities in communication, emotional support, and routine reinforcement Chapter 6 emphasizes personal care, hygiene, skin care, and positioning, including: – AM and PM care routines, ADLs, oral hygiene, grooming, bathing, and shaving procedures – Pressure injuries: stages, risk areas (bony prominences), prevention techniques, and devices (draw sheets, abduction pillows, orthoses) – Resident positioning and movement: supine, prone, Fowler’s, Sims’, logrolling, and use of gait belts and mechanical lifts – Transfer techniques and fall management – Foot care, nail care, lice prevention, IV care precautions, and infection control This document is ideal for: – CNA and LNA students in U.S. nursing assistant programs – Learners preparing for state certification exams (including NATCEP) – Nursing school foundations courses, health occupations, or pre-nursing tracks – Instructors and tutoring centers offering exam prep and workbook-based quizzes With clear and clinically relevant content, this guide strengthens both theory understanding and applied knowledge for exam performance and safe patient care. Keywords: CNA exam prep, dementia care, Alzheimer’s disease, ADLs, bathing procedure, hygiene skills, personal care assistant, pressure ulcers, wound staging, skin care, patient positioning, infection prevention, gait belt use, mechanical lift, nursing assistant quiz, Hartman textbook, cognitive impairment, elderly care, validation therapy, CNA certification

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Hartman's Nursing Assistant Care
Chapter 5 and 6 2025/2026 Exam
Questions and Answers | 100% Solved



confusion - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the inability to think clearly


Sudden or gradual

Most common in elderly

Causes- UTI, low blood sugar, nutrition, seizures


delirium - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔State of severe confusion occurs suddenly and

temporarily

Causes- infections, disease, imbalance, poor nutrition


cognition - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the ability to think logically and clearly


Cognitive impairment - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔loss of ability to think logically;

concentration and memory are affected

,Dementia - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔General term referring to a serious loss of

mental abilities such as thinking, remembering, reasoning, and

communicating

Progression leads to loss of ADLs


Is dementia a normal part of aging? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔No


Common causes of dementia - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Alzheimer's, vascular

dementia( multiple strokes), Lewy body, Parkinson's, Huntington

What is the most common cause of dementia? - 🧠 ANSWER

✔✔Alzheimer's disease


How many people in America have Alzheimer's? What fraction of these

people are 65 and older? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔5.5 million; 1/10


What gender is more likely to have Alzheimer's and dementia? - 🧠

ANSWER ✔✔Women


What race is two times more likely to get Alzheimer's than older whites?

Hispanics? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔African American; 1.5 times


Alzheimer's disease - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Tangled nerve fibers and protein

deposits to form in brain

, 4-20 years

Gradual symptoms beginning with memory loss to loss of ability

Majority dependent on others


Only sure way to determine Alzheimer's - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Autopsy


preservation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Repeating the same word or phrase in

response to different questions


Do you treat Alzheimer's like kids? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔No


NAs procedure for personal care and ADLs - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Develop

routine and stick with it

Promote self care

Take care of themselves


Agitation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔a state of anxiety or nervous excitement


Usually by a trigger


Sundowning - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔becoming restless and agitated in the late

afternoon, evening, or night

Caused by hunger, fatigue, change


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