Epigenetics in Human Genetic Disorders
Questions and answers
Epigenetics - ✅✅Study of heritable changes to gene expression not dependent on DNA sequence.
Epigenome - ✅✅Specific patterns of epigenetic modifications in a cell at a given time.
Phenotype - ✅✅Result of interactions between genome and epigenome affecting organism traits.
Epigenetic Reprogramming - ✅✅Changes in gene activity due to environmental stimuli leading to
phenotypic alterations.
Methylome - ✅✅Set of methylated nucleotides in an organism's genome, cell, and tissue-specific.
DNA Methylation - ✅✅Addition of methyl groups to cytosine bases catalyzed by DNA
methyltransferase.
CpG Islands - ✅✅Regions with unmethylated CpG dinucleotides adjacent to essential genes for
transcription.
Chromatin Remodeling - ✅✅Alteration of chromatin structure by ATP-powered protein complexes to
regulate gene accessibility.
Histone Modification - ✅✅Covalent posttranslational changes near histone proteins affecting gene
transcription.
Histone Acetylation - ✅✅Process opening chromatin structure for gene transcription by adding acetyl
groups.
Histone Code - ✅✅Complex patterns and interactions of histone modifications regulating gene
expression.
Histone modifications - ✅✅Enzymatic changes on histone amino acids to recruit proteins
Chromatin structure modification - ✅✅Alteration of DNA packaging to regulate transcription
Short noncoding RNAs - ✅✅RNA < 31 nucleotides, not translated
Long noncoding RNAs - ✅✅RNA > 200 nucleotides, not translated
miRNAs and siRNAs - ✅✅MicroRNAs and short interfering RNAs act as gene expression repressors
piRNAs - ✅✅Piwi-interacting RNAs form complexes for gene silencing in germ cells
lncRNAs - ✅✅Long noncoding RNAs similar to mRNAs but lack coding frames
Epigenetic modifications - ✅✅Changes altering chromatin structure for gene regulation
Questions and answers
Epigenetics - ✅✅Study of heritable changes to gene expression not dependent on DNA sequence.
Epigenome - ✅✅Specific patterns of epigenetic modifications in a cell at a given time.
Phenotype - ✅✅Result of interactions between genome and epigenome affecting organism traits.
Epigenetic Reprogramming - ✅✅Changes in gene activity due to environmental stimuli leading to
phenotypic alterations.
Methylome - ✅✅Set of methylated nucleotides in an organism's genome, cell, and tissue-specific.
DNA Methylation - ✅✅Addition of methyl groups to cytosine bases catalyzed by DNA
methyltransferase.
CpG Islands - ✅✅Regions with unmethylated CpG dinucleotides adjacent to essential genes for
transcription.
Chromatin Remodeling - ✅✅Alteration of chromatin structure by ATP-powered protein complexes to
regulate gene accessibility.
Histone Modification - ✅✅Covalent posttranslational changes near histone proteins affecting gene
transcription.
Histone Acetylation - ✅✅Process opening chromatin structure for gene transcription by adding acetyl
groups.
Histone Code - ✅✅Complex patterns and interactions of histone modifications regulating gene
expression.
Histone modifications - ✅✅Enzymatic changes on histone amino acids to recruit proteins
Chromatin structure modification - ✅✅Alteration of DNA packaging to regulate transcription
Short noncoding RNAs - ✅✅RNA < 31 nucleotides, not translated
Long noncoding RNAs - ✅✅RNA > 200 nucleotides, not translated
miRNAs and siRNAs - ✅✅MicroRNAs and short interfering RNAs act as gene expression repressors
piRNAs - ✅✅Piwi-interacting RNAs form complexes for gene silencing in germ cells
lncRNAs - ✅✅Long noncoding RNAs similar to mRNAs but lack coding frames
Epigenetic modifications - ✅✅Changes altering chromatin structure for gene regulation
