DETAILED ANSWERS|LATEST
PASS
Communication Learning Outcomes
Nightingale's Theory - ANSWER Environment was the focus of nursing care. Focus of
nursing is caring through environment and helping the patient deal with symptoms and
changes in function related to an illness.
Manipulates patient's environment to include appropriate noise, nutrition, hygiene, light,
comfort, socialization, and hope.
Peplau's Theory - ANSWER Develop interaction between nurse and
patient(interpersonal relationship between nurse, patient, and patient's family
Nurse-client relationship is foundation of nursing practice
Phases of interpersonal relationships:
-orientation
-working phase
-termination phase
Henderson's Theory - ANSWER help patient perform 14 basic needs through
physiological, psychological, sociocultural, spiritual and developmental domains
1
,Orem's theory - ANSWER the goal of nursing is to increase the patients ability to
independently meed these needs; care for and help patient attain total self care; nursing
care is necessary when the patient is unable to fulfill biological, psychological,
developmental, or social needs.
Leininger's Theory - ANSWER Transcultural nursing focuses on the analyses of different
cultures in the world regarding their caring behavior, nursing care, health-illness values, with
the goal of developing a scientific and humanistic body of knowledge from which to derive
culture-specific and culture universal nursing care practices.
Neuman's Theory - ANSWER Based on stress and the patient's reaction to the stressor
Roy's Theory - ANSWER goal is to help the patient adapt
4 adaptive modes- physiological needs, self-concepts, role function, interdependence
Watson's Theory - ANSWER The purpose of nursing action is to understand the
interrelationship among health, illness, and human behavior.
Watson's theory of transpersonal caring
Benner and Wrubel - ANSWER caring is central to essence of nursin
Nursing theory - ANSWER Used to:
1) Describe
2) Predict and
3) Control phenomenon.
2
,Differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities by serving the purposes of
describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care
practices.
"Theory-based nursing care helps ensure consistency and constancy of professional nursing
practice across clinical settings"
Nursing theory development - ANSWER Scholarly inquiry.
Nurse leaders:
1) Henderson, Rogers, Watson, Peplau
Linked to evidenced-based practice
Nursing Knowledge - ANSWER Linked to other disciplines
Paradigm
Nursing Paradigm - ANSWER The elements of the nursing paradigm direct the activity
of the nursing profession, including knowledge development, philosophy, theory,
educational experience, research, and practice.
Nursing Metaparadigm - ANSWER Nursing worldview that distinguishes the nursing
profession from other disciplines and emphasizes its unique functional characteristics.
The four key concepts:
1) Person,
3
, 2) environment,
3) health and
4) nursing
...are foundations for all nursing theories.
Hildegard Peplau - ANSWER Theory of interpersonal relationships
Described nurse-client relationship as the foundation of nursing practice.
Defined the developmental phases of relationship.
Sigmund Freud - ANSWER Value of talking about painful experiences.
Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and
personality formation; founded psychoanalysis.
Erik Erickson - ANSWER Psychosocial development
A neo-Freudian psychologist that hypothesized that people face pass through 8 social
development stages from infancy to old age. Each challenge has an outcome that affects a
persons social and personality development.
Abraham Maslow - ANSWER Progressive stages of personal growth.
Field: humanism; Contributions: hierarchy of needs-needs at a lower level dominate an
individual's motivation as long as they are unsatisfied, self-actualization, transcendence.
4
PASS
Communication Learning Outcomes
Nightingale's Theory - ANSWER Environment was the focus of nursing care. Focus of
nursing is caring through environment and helping the patient deal with symptoms and
changes in function related to an illness.
Manipulates patient's environment to include appropriate noise, nutrition, hygiene, light,
comfort, socialization, and hope.
Peplau's Theory - ANSWER Develop interaction between nurse and
patient(interpersonal relationship between nurse, patient, and patient's family
Nurse-client relationship is foundation of nursing practice
Phases of interpersonal relationships:
-orientation
-working phase
-termination phase
Henderson's Theory - ANSWER help patient perform 14 basic needs through
physiological, psychological, sociocultural, spiritual and developmental domains
1
,Orem's theory - ANSWER the goal of nursing is to increase the patients ability to
independently meed these needs; care for and help patient attain total self care; nursing
care is necessary when the patient is unable to fulfill biological, psychological,
developmental, or social needs.
Leininger's Theory - ANSWER Transcultural nursing focuses on the analyses of different
cultures in the world regarding their caring behavior, nursing care, health-illness values, with
the goal of developing a scientific and humanistic body of knowledge from which to derive
culture-specific and culture universal nursing care practices.
Neuman's Theory - ANSWER Based on stress and the patient's reaction to the stressor
Roy's Theory - ANSWER goal is to help the patient adapt
4 adaptive modes- physiological needs, self-concepts, role function, interdependence
Watson's Theory - ANSWER The purpose of nursing action is to understand the
interrelationship among health, illness, and human behavior.
Watson's theory of transpersonal caring
Benner and Wrubel - ANSWER caring is central to essence of nursin
Nursing theory - ANSWER Used to:
1) Describe
2) Predict and
3) Control phenomenon.
2
,Differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities by serving the purposes of
describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care
practices.
"Theory-based nursing care helps ensure consistency and constancy of professional nursing
practice across clinical settings"
Nursing theory development - ANSWER Scholarly inquiry.
Nurse leaders:
1) Henderson, Rogers, Watson, Peplau
Linked to evidenced-based practice
Nursing Knowledge - ANSWER Linked to other disciplines
Paradigm
Nursing Paradigm - ANSWER The elements of the nursing paradigm direct the activity
of the nursing profession, including knowledge development, philosophy, theory,
educational experience, research, and practice.
Nursing Metaparadigm - ANSWER Nursing worldview that distinguishes the nursing
profession from other disciplines and emphasizes its unique functional characteristics.
The four key concepts:
1) Person,
3
, 2) environment,
3) health and
4) nursing
...are foundations for all nursing theories.
Hildegard Peplau - ANSWER Theory of interpersonal relationships
Described nurse-client relationship as the foundation of nursing practice.
Defined the developmental phases of relationship.
Sigmund Freud - ANSWER Value of talking about painful experiences.
Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and
personality formation; founded psychoanalysis.
Erik Erickson - ANSWER Psychosocial development
A neo-Freudian psychologist that hypothesized that people face pass through 8 social
development stages from infancy to old age. Each challenge has an outcome that affects a
persons social and personality development.
Abraham Maslow - ANSWER Progressive stages of personal growth.
Field: humanism; Contributions: hierarchy of needs-needs at a lower level dominate an
individual's motivation as long as they are unsatisfied, self-actualization, transcendence.
4
