Define Coup - ANSWER acceleration injury from initial impact, bruising at the point on
impact
Define countrecoup - ANSWER counter or deceleration injury, backward movement
causes the brain to strike part of the skull, bruise at a distance far removed from the point of
impact
What vital function does the brainstem control - ANSWER Respirations
What are the three things that can result in increased ICP - ANSWER Change in the
mass of the brain (tumor), increased amount of the CSF (dec absorption, inc production),
and hemorrhage
What are the s/s of increased ICP in infants? - ANSWER tense, bulging fontanel; lack of
normal pulsations, increased head circumference, changes in appetite (poor feeding &
vomiting) and behavior, high-pitched cry, inc or dec response to pain, sunset eyes, distended
scalp veins
What are s/s of increased ICP in children - ANSWER complaints of subjective sx: HA,
N/V esp in AM, diplopia, mood swings, slurred speech
s/s of increased ICP in general - ANSWER HA, vomiting, lethargy or irritability, vision
changes, decreased or change LOC
1
,Cause of Subdural hematoma's - ANSWER ruptured cortical vein from either child
abuse (shaken baby), falls, or birth trauma
Since a subdural hematoma is caused by the rupture of a ___ the onset/progression of sx is
____ - ANSWER vein, slow
Cause of Epidural hematoma's - ANSWER rupture of middle meningial artery caused
by an injury to the temporal region of the skull
Since an epidural hematoma is caused by the rupture an _____ the onset of sx will be ____,
and therefore intervention will need to be ____ - ANSWER artery, fast, prompt
How are hematoma's diagnosed and give a brief description of the two of them (: -
ANSWER CAT or CT scan: non-invasive Xray that looks at the thickness of tissues and
structures inside the body, images a "slice" of the child's tissue
MRI: uses a magnetic field to show different tissue compositions
Why may an epidural hematoma not be detected - ANSWER Neurological changes may
be delayed up to 48 hours while changes are taking place in the brain that could lead to
herniation of the brainstem, coma, and death
What is the rationale on wearing helmets? - ANSWER the middle meningeal artery is
not protected by the sky until 2 years old, even without a fracture to the skull the artery can
rupture/tear
What are some emergency measures for traumatic alterations of the CNS -
ANSWER ABC's, stabilize the spine, and treat shock
What medications can decrease cerebral edema - ANSWER Diuretics (Mannitol or
lasix) and Steroids (dexamethasone)
2
, What are the three factors evaluated in the Glascow Glaucoma Scale - ANSWER Best
verbal, motor, and eye opening response
What is a non-pharmacologic measure for the treatment of a traumatic alternations of CNS
and what should you consider with this treatment - ANSWER Hypothermia blankets
but don't cool them down too quickly because it could cause arrhythmia's
What are some Nursing considerations for an acute head injury - ANSWER VS
(widening pulse pressure) and LOC, have suction bag and mask at bedside, initiate seiz
precautions, and contact National head injury foundation for additional support
Why are children 3-5 x more capable of absorbing lead than adults? - ANSWER High
fat diet, more subcutaneous fat (p.s. lead loves fat), and GI tract readily absorbs it
What are some environmental factors that relate to lead ingestion - ANSWER soil,
plumbing, dust on carpet from paint removal, candles with metal wicks, pottery from
different countries, don't store anything in crystal, blinds
What kind of dietary deficiencies are associated with lead poisoning - ANSWER Pica
(the ingestion of non-food substances that's usually associated with mineral and mental
deficiencies, anemia, and pregnancy)
What are some examples of Pica - ANSWER eating raw pasta, soil, tree bark, ice
(anemia), paper
Where can Household lead test kits be found? - ANSWER Hardware stores
What are some diagnostic findings for Lead poisoning? - ANSWER Lead chips in
abdomen or lead deposits in bone on Xray images
3
impact
Define countrecoup - ANSWER counter or deceleration injury, backward movement
causes the brain to strike part of the skull, bruise at a distance far removed from the point of
impact
What vital function does the brainstem control - ANSWER Respirations
What are the three things that can result in increased ICP - ANSWER Change in the
mass of the brain (tumor), increased amount of the CSF (dec absorption, inc production),
and hemorrhage
What are the s/s of increased ICP in infants? - ANSWER tense, bulging fontanel; lack of
normal pulsations, increased head circumference, changes in appetite (poor feeding &
vomiting) and behavior, high-pitched cry, inc or dec response to pain, sunset eyes, distended
scalp veins
What are s/s of increased ICP in children - ANSWER complaints of subjective sx: HA,
N/V esp in AM, diplopia, mood swings, slurred speech
s/s of increased ICP in general - ANSWER HA, vomiting, lethargy or irritability, vision
changes, decreased or change LOC
1
,Cause of Subdural hematoma's - ANSWER ruptured cortical vein from either child
abuse (shaken baby), falls, or birth trauma
Since a subdural hematoma is caused by the rupture of a ___ the onset/progression of sx is
____ - ANSWER vein, slow
Cause of Epidural hematoma's - ANSWER rupture of middle meningial artery caused
by an injury to the temporal region of the skull
Since an epidural hematoma is caused by the rupture an _____ the onset of sx will be ____,
and therefore intervention will need to be ____ - ANSWER artery, fast, prompt
How are hematoma's diagnosed and give a brief description of the two of them (: -
ANSWER CAT or CT scan: non-invasive Xray that looks at the thickness of tissues and
structures inside the body, images a "slice" of the child's tissue
MRI: uses a magnetic field to show different tissue compositions
Why may an epidural hematoma not be detected - ANSWER Neurological changes may
be delayed up to 48 hours while changes are taking place in the brain that could lead to
herniation of the brainstem, coma, and death
What is the rationale on wearing helmets? - ANSWER the middle meningeal artery is
not protected by the sky until 2 years old, even without a fracture to the skull the artery can
rupture/tear
What are some emergency measures for traumatic alterations of the CNS -
ANSWER ABC's, stabilize the spine, and treat shock
What medications can decrease cerebral edema - ANSWER Diuretics (Mannitol or
lasix) and Steroids (dexamethasone)
2
, What are the three factors evaluated in the Glascow Glaucoma Scale - ANSWER Best
verbal, motor, and eye opening response
What is a non-pharmacologic measure for the treatment of a traumatic alternations of CNS
and what should you consider with this treatment - ANSWER Hypothermia blankets
but don't cool them down too quickly because it could cause arrhythmia's
What are some Nursing considerations for an acute head injury - ANSWER VS
(widening pulse pressure) and LOC, have suction bag and mask at bedside, initiate seiz
precautions, and contact National head injury foundation for additional support
Why are children 3-5 x more capable of absorbing lead than adults? - ANSWER High
fat diet, more subcutaneous fat (p.s. lead loves fat), and GI tract readily absorbs it
What are some environmental factors that relate to lead ingestion - ANSWER soil,
plumbing, dust on carpet from paint removal, candles with metal wicks, pottery from
different countries, don't store anything in crystal, blinds
What kind of dietary deficiencies are associated with lead poisoning - ANSWER Pica
(the ingestion of non-food substances that's usually associated with mineral and mental
deficiencies, anemia, and pregnancy)
What are some examples of Pica - ANSWER eating raw pasta, soil, tree bark, ice
(anemia), paper
Where can Household lead test kits be found? - ANSWER Hardware stores
What are some diagnostic findings for Lead poisoning? - ANSWER Lead chips in
abdomen or lead deposits in bone on Xray images
3
