GMS6552 Exam 2026 Questions and
Answers
Most common Drug Target - Correct answer-Receptors
Time frame for Channel-linked Receptors - Correct answer-Milliseconds
Class name for Channel-linked Receptors - Correct answer-Ionotropic receptors
Example of Channel-linked Receptors - Correct answer-Nicotinic/ACh Receptors
Time frame for GPCRs - Correct answer-Seconds
Class name for GPCRs - Correct answer-Metabotropic Receptors
Example of GPCRs - Correct answer-Muscarinic/ACh Receptors
Time frame for Kinase-linked Receptors - Correct answer-Minutes
Insulin receptors fall under which type of receptor category? - Correct answer-
Kinase-linked Receptors
How long does it take for insulin to take effect? - Correct answer-Minutes
Time frame of Nuclear receptors - Correct answer-Hours to Days
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,How many transmembrane domains are there on GPCRs? - Correct answer-7
The alpha subunit of G protein is what type of enzyme? - Correct answer-GTPase
(slow)
The G-proteins are [intracellular or extracellular]? - Correct answer-intracellular,
but membrane associated
The N-terminus of the GPCR is - Correct answer-Extracellular
The C-terminus of the GPCR is - Correct answer-Intracellular
When what is bound to alpha subunit, are the g proteins turned on? - Correct
answer-GTP
alpha S subunit of G protein activates - Correct answer-adenylyl cyclase
Adenylyl cyclase increases - Correct answer-cAMP
cAMP activates - Correct answer-PKA
alpha I subunit of G proteins inhibits - Correct answer-Adenylyl cyclase
alpha q subunit of G protein activates - Correct answer-PLC
PLC increases levels of what two things? - Correct answer-DAG and IP3
IP3 increases levels of intracellular _________ - Correct answer-Calcium
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,DAG activates - Correct answer-PKC
T/F: There are no 2nd messengers in Kinase-linked receptor signaling - Correct
answer-True
In receptors associated w/ cytosolic kinases:
Receptors are initially _____________________
once ligand binds, they _______________________
After that, ________ gets activated which will phosphorylate __________
residues. - Correct answer-monomeric; dimerize; JAK; Tyrosine
In receptors associated w/ cytosolic kinases, proteins with _______ domains (such
as STAT, SHC, GRB2, PI3K) bind and gets activated via ______________ of those
residues. Once activated, they act as __________________ and translocate to the
______________. - Correct answer-SH2; phosphorylation; Trxn factors; nucleus
Receptor tyrosine kinases have ____________________ tyrosine kinase activity. -
Correct answer-Intrinsic
T/F: Insulin acts on receptor tyrosine kinases. - Correct answer-True
The _____ subunits of receptor tyrosine kinases phosphorylate _________
residues. - Correct answer-beta; tyrosine
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, In receptor tyrosine kinases that have insulin bound, phosphorylated tyrosine
residues will phosphorylate ________ which will activate ______________ and
the ___________ pathways. - Correct answer-IRS; GRB2/mSOS; PI3K
The GRB2/mSOS pathway activates _____________. - Correct answer-mek,
MAPK, etc.
The PI3K pathway activates _____________ pathway which phosphorylates
effector proteins. - Correct answer-PKB/AKT
In receptor Ser/Thr kinases, ligands bind to type _____ receptor which will then
___________ with the type ___ receptor. - Correct answer-2; dimerize; 1
Once receptor Ser/Thr Kinases are activated, the type ____ receptor will
phosphorylate the type ____ receptor. - Correct answer-2; 1
Once the type 1 receptor is phosphorylated on Ser/Thr kinase receptors, it will
phosphorylate which type of proteins? - Correct answer-SMADs or Receptor
Activated SMADs or R-SMADs
SMADs will then act as _________ which translocate to the nucleus - Correct
answer-Trxn Factors
T/F: Nitric Oxide can bind on or in the cell. - Correct answer-True
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Answers
Most common Drug Target - Correct answer-Receptors
Time frame for Channel-linked Receptors - Correct answer-Milliseconds
Class name for Channel-linked Receptors - Correct answer-Ionotropic receptors
Example of Channel-linked Receptors - Correct answer-Nicotinic/ACh Receptors
Time frame for GPCRs - Correct answer-Seconds
Class name for GPCRs - Correct answer-Metabotropic Receptors
Example of GPCRs - Correct answer-Muscarinic/ACh Receptors
Time frame for Kinase-linked Receptors - Correct answer-Minutes
Insulin receptors fall under which type of receptor category? - Correct answer-
Kinase-linked Receptors
How long does it take for insulin to take effect? - Correct answer-Minutes
Time frame of Nuclear receptors - Correct answer-Hours to Days
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,How many transmembrane domains are there on GPCRs? - Correct answer-7
The alpha subunit of G protein is what type of enzyme? - Correct answer-GTPase
(slow)
The G-proteins are [intracellular or extracellular]? - Correct answer-intracellular,
but membrane associated
The N-terminus of the GPCR is - Correct answer-Extracellular
The C-terminus of the GPCR is - Correct answer-Intracellular
When what is bound to alpha subunit, are the g proteins turned on? - Correct
answer-GTP
alpha S subunit of G protein activates - Correct answer-adenylyl cyclase
Adenylyl cyclase increases - Correct answer-cAMP
cAMP activates - Correct answer-PKA
alpha I subunit of G proteins inhibits - Correct answer-Adenylyl cyclase
alpha q subunit of G protein activates - Correct answer-PLC
PLC increases levels of what two things? - Correct answer-DAG and IP3
IP3 increases levels of intracellular _________ - Correct answer-Calcium
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,DAG activates - Correct answer-PKC
T/F: There are no 2nd messengers in Kinase-linked receptor signaling - Correct
answer-True
In receptors associated w/ cytosolic kinases:
Receptors are initially _____________________
once ligand binds, they _______________________
After that, ________ gets activated which will phosphorylate __________
residues. - Correct answer-monomeric; dimerize; JAK; Tyrosine
In receptors associated w/ cytosolic kinases, proteins with _______ domains (such
as STAT, SHC, GRB2, PI3K) bind and gets activated via ______________ of those
residues. Once activated, they act as __________________ and translocate to the
______________. - Correct answer-SH2; phosphorylation; Trxn factors; nucleus
Receptor tyrosine kinases have ____________________ tyrosine kinase activity. -
Correct answer-Intrinsic
T/F: Insulin acts on receptor tyrosine kinases. - Correct answer-True
The _____ subunits of receptor tyrosine kinases phosphorylate _________
residues. - Correct answer-beta; tyrosine
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, In receptor tyrosine kinases that have insulin bound, phosphorylated tyrosine
residues will phosphorylate ________ which will activate ______________ and
the ___________ pathways. - Correct answer-IRS; GRB2/mSOS; PI3K
The GRB2/mSOS pathway activates _____________. - Correct answer-mek,
MAPK, etc.
The PI3K pathway activates _____________ pathway which phosphorylates
effector proteins. - Correct answer-PKB/AKT
In receptor Ser/Thr kinases, ligands bind to type _____ receptor which will then
___________ with the type ___ receptor. - Correct answer-2; dimerize; 1
Once receptor Ser/Thr Kinases are activated, the type ____ receptor will
phosphorylate the type ____ receptor. - Correct answer-2; 1
Once the type 1 receptor is phosphorylated on Ser/Thr kinase receptors, it will
phosphorylate which type of proteins? - Correct answer-SMADs or Receptor
Activated SMADs or R-SMADs
SMADs will then act as _________ which translocate to the nucleus - Correct
answer-Trxn Factors
T/F: Nitric Oxide can bind on or in the cell. - Correct answer-True
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