NGR6141 Advanced Patho - Exam 2
Questions and Answers (Solved Papers)
1a. How does the skin protect us against antigens in the
environment?
1b. What kinds of cells play a role in this process? - Correct
Answers ✅- It is the first line of defense, regulates body
temp, immune response
- provides a protective barrier between the host and the
outside environment, and the linings of the internal body
organs help absorb substances into the body, excrete waste
products, and secrete substances into body cavities.
- this tissue covers most internal and external surfaces of the
body.
- The functions include protection, absorption, secretion, and
excretion
- provide biochemical barriers by synthesizing and secreting
substances meant to trap of destroy microorganisms. i.e.
Mucus, earwax, goblet cells, saliva, tears.
1c. What kinds of epidermal cells play a role in the protecting
us from antigens? - Correct Answers ✅- Keratinocytes -
produce keratin (scleroprotein - protection from stress)
- Melanocyte - produces melanin, shields UV radiation,
determines skin color
- Langerhans Cells - migrate from bone marrow, initiates
immune response with dendrites
- Merkel Cells - "touch receptors" slowly adapting
mechanoreceptors
,NGR6141 Advanced Patho - Exam 2
Questions and Answers (Solved Papers)
1d. What kinds of dermal cells play a role in the protecting us
from antigens? - Correct Answers ✅- Fibroblasts - generate
connective tissue, for wound healing
- Mast Cells - release histamine, hypersensitivity and immune
FX
- Magrophanges - Phagocytotic, partial role in immune
response, wound healing
- Histocytes - in loose connective tissue, Machrophange,
phagocytes pigments and debris of inflammation
1e. Other types of 'skin' cells that protect us from antigens? -
Correct Answers ✅- Nails: protective keratinized plates
- Sebaceous Glands: secrete sebum, oils skin/hair, prevents
drying
- Eccrine Sweat Glands: thermoregulate/ cool the body,
evaporation
2. In allergic contact dermatitis, how does the body recognize
the antigen? Think about how the immune response and the
cells involved. - Correct Answers ✅- Allergan comes into
contact with the skin bound to a carrier protein, forming a
hapten-specific sensitizing antigen
- Langerhans cells process antigen and carry it to T-Cells
- T-Cells become sensitized to antigen, releasing cytokines
and chemokine leading to leukocyte infiltration and
inflammation
, NGR6141 Advanced Patho - Exam 2
Questions and Answers (Solved Papers)
3. What is Tinea Corpis? - Correct Answers ✅- A condition
known as RINGWORM that is a fungal infection of the skin
caused by Trichophyton or mircosporum, classified according
to the location.
results in a circular, clearly circumscribed, mildly
erythematous (pink to red) scaly patches with a slightly
elevated "ring-like" boarder, rash and itching or areas no
covered by hair
- Commonly found on scalp, feet, face, hands and groin
Source: kittens, puppies, lesion to lesion contact
4. What are signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis? -
Correct Answers ✅- A chronic hereditary skin disease
characterized by intense itching inflamed skin which causes
redness swelling cracking crusting and scaling. Aka Atopic
Eczema. Severe Puritis
- Lichenification - thickening of the epidermis from constant
itching and scar tissue formation
5. Where do these cancers originate: (chap 12 p367)
a) Osteogenic sarcoma -
b) Basal cell carcinoma -
Questions and Answers (Solved Papers)
1a. How does the skin protect us against antigens in the
environment?
1b. What kinds of cells play a role in this process? - Correct
Answers ✅- It is the first line of defense, regulates body
temp, immune response
- provides a protective barrier between the host and the
outside environment, and the linings of the internal body
organs help absorb substances into the body, excrete waste
products, and secrete substances into body cavities.
- this tissue covers most internal and external surfaces of the
body.
- The functions include protection, absorption, secretion, and
excretion
- provide biochemical barriers by synthesizing and secreting
substances meant to trap of destroy microorganisms. i.e.
Mucus, earwax, goblet cells, saliva, tears.
1c. What kinds of epidermal cells play a role in the protecting
us from antigens? - Correct Answers ✅- Keratinocytes -
produce keratin (scleroprotein - protection from stress)
- Melanocyte - produces melanin, shields UV radiation,
determines skin color
- Langerhans Cells - migrate from bone marrow, initiates
immune response with dendrites
- Merkel Cells - "touch receptors" slowly adapting
mechanoreceptors
,NGR6141 Advanced Patho - Exam 2
Questions and Answers (Solved Papers)
1d. What kinds of dermal cells play a role in the protecting us
from antigens? - Correct Answers ✅- Fibroblasts - generate
connective tissue, for wound healing
- Mast Cells - release histamine, hypersensitivity and immune
FX
- Magrophanges - Phagocytotic, partial role in immune
response, wound healing
- Histocytes - in loose connective tissue, Machrophange,
phagocytes pigments and debris of inflammation
1e. Other types of 'skin' cells that protect us from antigens? -
Correct Answers ✅- Nails: protective keratinized plates
- Sebaceous Glands: secrete sebum, oils skin/hair, prevents
drying
- Eccrine Sweat Glands: thermoregulate/ cool the body,
evaporation
2. In allergic contact dermatitis, how does the body recognize
the antigen? Think about how the immune response and the
cells involved. - Correct Answers ✅- Allergan comes into
contact with the skin bound to a carrier protein, forming a
hapten-specific sensitizing antigen
- Langerhans cells process antigen and carry it to T-Cells
- T-Cells become sensitized to antigen, releasing cytokines
and chemokine leading to leukocyte infiltration and
inflammation
, NGR6141 Advanced Patho - Exam 2
Questions and Answers (Solved Papers)
3. What is Tinea Corpis? - Correct Answers ✅- A condition
known as RINGWORM that is a fungal infection of the skin
caused by Trichophyton or mircosporum, classified according
to the location.
results in a circular, clearly circumscribed, mildly
erythematous (pink to red) scaly patches with a slightly
elevated "ring-like" boarder, rash and itching or areas no
covered by hair
- Commonly found on scalp, feet, face, hands and groin
Source: kittens, puppies, lesion to lesion contact
4. What are signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis? -
Correct Answers ✅- A chronic hereditary skin disease
characterized by intense itching inflamed skin which causes
redness swelling cracking crusting and scaling. Aka Atopic
Eczema. Severe Puritis
- Lichenification - thickening of the epidermis from constant
itching and scar tissue formation
5. Where do these cancers originate: (chap 12 p367)
a) Osteogenic sarcoma -
b) Basal cell carcinoma -
