ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM CH. 1–15 STUDY
GUIDE 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS <RECENT
VERSION>
Chapter 1: The Human Body: An Orientation
1. What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?
A) Anatomy studies body function, while physiology studies body structure.
B) Anatomy studies body structure, while physiology studies how body structures function.
C) They are synonymous terms.
D) Anatomy is microscopic, physiology is macroscopic.
2. Which of the following is the correct sequence of levels of structural organization, from
simplest to most complex?
A) Organ, tissue, cellular, chemical, organismal, system
B) Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organismal
C) Cellular, chemical, tissue, organ, organismal, system
D) Chemical, tissue, cellular, organ, system, organismal
3. The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions is called:
A) Metabolism
B) Homeostasis
C) Positive Feedback
D) Equilibrium
4. In anatomical position, the palms of the hands are:
A) Facing backward
B) Facing forward
C) Facing the thighs
D) Rotated medially
5. A negative feedback mechanism:
A) Enhances the original stimulus.
B) Is the main way the body regulates blood clotting.
C) Acts to reduce or stop the initial stimulus.
D) Is always harmful to the body.
Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes Alive
6. The four major elements that make up about 96% of body mass are:
A) Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Calcium
,B) Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
C) Sodium, Potassium, Hydrogen, Oxygen
D) Carbon, Hydrogen, Iron, Phosphorus
7. A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms is a(n):
A) Ionic bond
B) Hydrogen bond
C) Covalent bond
D) Polar bond
8. What is the pH of a neutral solution?
A) 0
B) 7
C) 14
D) 1
9. Which of the following is an organic compound?
A) Water (H₂O)
B) Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
C) Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)
D) Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
10. The primary energy currency of the cell is:
A) DNA
B) Glucose
C) Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
D) Phospholipid
Chapter 3: Cells: The Living Units
11. The "powerhouse" of the cell, responsible for ATP production, is the:
A) Ribosome
B) Golgi Apparatus
C) Lysosome
D) Mitochondrion
12. The process by which a cell secretes macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the
plasma membrane is:
A) Phagocytosis
B) Exocytosis
C) Endocytosis
D) Pinocytosis
, 13. Which of the following is a passive transport process?
A) Primary Active Transport
B) Secondary Active Transport
C) Filtration
D) Endocytosis
14. The phase of the cell cycle where the cell divides its cytoplasm and organelles is:
A) Interphase
B) Mitosis
C) Cytokinesis
D) Telophase
15. The organelle responsible for synthesizing proteins is the:
A) Mitochondrion
B) Ribosome
C) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
D) Golgi Apparatus
Chapter 4: Tissue: The Living Fabric
16. Which of the following is NOT one of the four primary tissue types?
A) Epithelial Tissue
B) Connective Tissue
C) Nervous Tissue
D) Osseous Tissue
17. Simple squamous epithelium is found in:
A) The skin
B) The lining of blood vessels and air sacs of lungs
C) The lining of the stomach
D) The urinary bladder
18. The most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body is:
A) Epithelial Tissue
B) Muscle Tissue
C) Nervous Tissue
D) Connective Tissue
19. Glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood are classified as:
A) Exocrine Glands
B) Endocrine Glands
C) Mucous Glands
D) Serous Glands
GUIDE 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS <RECENT
VERSION>
Chapter 1: The Human Body: An Orientation
1. What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?
A) Anatomy studies body function, while physiology studies body structure.
B) Anatomy studies body structure, while physiology studies how body structures function.
C) They are synonymous terms.
D) Anatomy is microscopic, physiology is macroscopic.
2. Which of the following is the correct sequence of levels of structural organization, from
simplest to most complex?
A) Organ, tissue, cellular, chemical, organismal, system
B) Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organismal
C) Cellular, chemical, tissue, organ, organismal, system
D) Chemical, tissue, cellular, organ, system, organismal
3. The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions is called:
A) Metabolism
B) Homeostasis
C) Positive Feedback
D) Equilibrium
4. In anatomical position, the palms of the hands are:
A) Facing backward
B) Facing forward
C) Facing the thighs
D) Rotated medially
5. A negative feedback mechanism:
A) Enhances the original stimulus.
B) Is the main way the body regulates blood clotting.
C) Acts to reduce or stop the initial stimulus.
D) Is always harmful to the body.
Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes Alive
6. The four major elements that make up about 96% of body mass are:
A) Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Calcium
,B) Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
C) Sodium, Potassium, Hydrogen, Oxygen
D) Carbon, Hydrogen, Iron, Phosphorus
7. A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms is a(n):
A) Ionic bond
B) Hydrogen bond
C) Covalent bond
D) Polar bond
8. What is the pH of a neutral solution?
A) 0
B) 7
C) 14
D) 1
9. Which of the following is an organic compound?
A) Water (H₂O)
B) Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
C) Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)
D) Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
10. The primary energy currency of the cell is:
A) DNA
B) Glucose
C) Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
D) Phospholipid
Chapter 3: Cells: The Living Units
11. The "powerhouse" of the cell, responsible for ATP production, is the:
A) Ribosome
B) Golgi Apparatus
C) Lysosome
D) Mitochondrion
12. The process by which a cell secretes macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the
plasma membrane is:
A) Phagocytosis
B) Exocytosis
C) Endocytosis
D) Pinocytosis
, 13. Which of the following is a passive transport process?
A) Primary Active Transport
B) Secondary Active Transport
C) Filtration
D) Endocytosis
14. The phase of the cell cycle where the cell divides its cytoplasm and organelles is:
A) Interphase
B) Mitosis
C) Cytokinesis
D) Telophase
15. The organelle responsible for synthesizing proteins is the:
A) Mitochondrion
B) Ribosome
C) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
D) Golgi Apparatus
Chapter 4: Tissue: The Living Fabric
16. Which of the following is NOT one of the four primary tissue types?
A) Epithelial Tissue
B) Connective Tissue
C) Nervous Tissue
D) Osseous Tissue
17. Simple squamous epithelium is found in:
A) The skin
B) The lining of blood vessels and air sacs of lungs
C) The lining of the stomach
D) The urinary bladder
18. The most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body is:
A) Epithelial Tissue
B) Muscle Tissue
C) Nervous Tissue
D) Connective Tissue
19. Glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood are classified as:
A) Exocrine Glands
B) Endocrine Glands
C) Mucous Glands
D) Serous Glands
