Ch01
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. The primary goal of wellness is the ability to achieve:
A. Freedom from disease
B. A multicultural view of health
C. The highest possible quality of life
D. Greater control over lifestyle decisions
2. Which of the following is considered a social determinant of health?
A. Heredity
B. Employment status
C. Your values
D. The physical environment
3. Which of the following best demonstrates an ecological model of health and wellness?
A. Seeking a natural balance between your own life forces and those in your environment
B. Being aware of hereditary risks and avoiding unhealthy environments and behaviors
C. Going to the doctor whenever you suspect an illness
D. Seeking nontraditional medical treatments
4. One of the hallmarks of community health promotion is its emphasis on improving:
A. Common health-related resources
B. Privately funded wellness programs
C. Taxpayer-funded health initiatives
D. The regulation of hospitals and clinics
5. Which of the following best illustrates a public health measure?
A. Upgrading the local hospital's dialysis equipment
B. Preventing the spread of disease-carrying insects
C. Medical schools competing for research grants
D. Promoting a new surgical technique
6. The aspect of personal health that is most within your control is:
A. Genetic inheritance
B. Human biology
C. Lifestyle
D. Environment
7. What is the major goal of primary disease prevention efforts?
A. Detect diseases before they become symptomatic.
B. Treat a person for particular problems associated with a disease.
C. Find a cure for prevalent diseases.
D. Inhibit the development of diseases.
8. According to the ecological model of health and wellness, which of the following are factors in a person's
natural physical environment?
A. Air quality
B. Sanitation systems
C. Access to health care services
D. Housing
,9. Approximately ___ percent of the U.S. population, aged 29 and younger are members of a racial or ethnic
minority group.
A. 10
B. 20
C. 30
D. 40
10. In general, what can American ethnic minority populations expect concerning their health, as compared
to the general population?
A. Lower lifestyle risk factors
B. Equal health benefits from medical advances
C. Higher rates of cancer, infant mortality, and alcoholism
D. Decreased exposure to carcinogens
11. Charlie's sister lectures him daily about the threat that his smoking poses to his health. She argues that, if
he quits, he would improve both his health and his athletic performance. Charlie knows his sister is right,
but according to the Stages of Change Model, he will actually quit smoking when he reaches the:
A. Precontemplation stage
B. Contemplation stage
C. Preparation stage
D. Action stage
12. The Stages of Change Model of health behavior change emphasizes that:
A. Change happens as a process.
B. People change only when faced with an illness.
C. Change occurs only when the environment supports it.
D. Changes are more effective when based on personal perceptions.
13. Mackenzie has resolved to start exercising three times a week when her membership at a local gym
begins in two weeks. In which stage of change in the Transtheoretical Model is Mackenzie operating?
A. Contemplation
B. Action
C. Precontemplation
D. Preparation
E. Maintenance
14. In which stage of change in the Transtheoretical Model does an individual intend to change a specific
health behavior within the next six months?
A. Preparation
B. Contemplation
C. Maintenance
D. Precontemplation
E. Action
15. Which of the following statements best illustrates a sense of self-efficacy?
A. I should do it.
B. I can't do it.
C. I must do it.
D. I can do it.
16. Which of the following best illustrates a SMART goal?
A. I will get more exercise in the new year.
B. I will avoid situations where I am tempted to eat junk food.
C. I will make smart health choices in each major life activity.
D. I will eat my meals on time and limit myself to one snack daily.
,17. Which of the following best illustrates an action step?
A. Working out will help me lose weight.
B. Beginning next week, I will work out three days a week.
C. My workouts will involve weight-lifting.
D. I hope to start working out every day.
18. What type of research study can suggest likely associations but cannot establish cause-and-effect
relationships?
A. Correlational
B. Perspective
C. Retrospective
D. Experimental
19. The purpose of making a clinical study double-blind is to:
A. Guarantee the results
B. Reduce researcher bias
C. Disguise the study's sponsors
D. Make the results depend on the outcomes of other studies
20. Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning medical research studies?
A. Subjects are not randomly assigned to either a treatment group or control group.
B. To be considered reliable results, the same results must be obtained by no other researchers conducting
the same study.
C.Researchers assign participants to either a treatment group or control group in order of when the
participants register for the study.
D. Clinical studies attempt to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
21. The best type of website on which to research health issues is one that is sponsored by a(n):
A. Commercial health organization
B. Nonprofit political organization
C. Educational institution
D. Individual
22. Which of the following statements about health risks is FALSE?
A. By definition, a health risk is the probability or likelihood of an event occurring.
B. A health risk is the probability of exposure to a hazard that can result in negative consequences.
C. All health risks can be avoided.
D. Health risks include factors such as age, gender, family history, income, and education.
23. The basic definition of health literacy refers to one's ability to:
A. Navigate the health care system successfully
B. Obtain and use health information
C. Describe symptoms to a doctor
D. Achieve maximum wellness
24. Which of the following is NOT a national health objective of Healthy People 2020?
A. Eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death.
B. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
C. Improve the health of all groups of people.
D. Focus on promoting health for older individuals.
25. Healthy People 2020 places increased emphasis on "health determinants," which:
A. Target and measure important public health issues
B. Include both social and environmental determinants
C. Are based on scientific studies
D. Are defined as a person's internal sense of control
, 26. What is the biggest challenge facing health care in the U.S.?
A. Cost
B. Availability
C. Physician shortages
D. Poor care
27. Health and wellness are conceptualized as having several domains, such as physical, mental, emotional,
and spiritual domains.
True False
28. Individual choice is the only factor governing a person's ability to live a healthy lifestyle.
True False
29. The terms disease prevention and health promotion mean the same thing.
True False
30. The tertiary stage of disease prevention involves detecting diseases before they become symptomatic.
True False
31. Factors such as income level, available health care services, and literacy are examples of social
determinants of health.
True False
32. In the United States, poor health outcomes are associated with environmental pollution, low educational
attainment, and poverty.
True False
33. Ethnicity is synonymous with race.
True False
34. Cultural values have little influence on health.
True False
35. The terms "ethnicity" and "race" can be used interchangeably.
True False
36. Advances in medical technology, lifestyle improvements, and environmental protection have produced
significant and equal health benefits for most American ethnic populations.
True False
37. The Stages of Change Model emphasizes that change happens not as a one-time event, but as a
process.
True False
38. Adam is in the contemplation stage of the Transtheoretical Model when he decides that he will stop
drinking alcohol at the beginning of next month.
True False
39. In the maintenance stage of the Transtheoretical Model for health behavior change, a new behavior has
been in place for a minimum of two years.
True False
40. For some types of behaviors, the maintenance stage of the Stages of Change Model can be an ongoing,
lifelong process.
True False
41. Activities such as developing social support systems and establishing goals and rewards help people to
move through stages in the Stages of Change Model.
True False
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. The primary goal of wellness is the ability to achieve:
A. Freedom from disease
B. A multicultural view of health
C. The highest possible quality of life
D. Greater control over lifestyle decisions
2. Which of the following is considered a social determinant of health?
A. Heredity
B. Employment status
C. Your values
D. The physical environment
3. Which of the following best demonstrates an ecological model of health and wellness?
A. Seeking a natural balance between your own life forces and those in your environment
B. Being aware of hereditary risks and avoiding unhealthy environments and behaviors
C. Going to the doctor whenever you suspect an illness
D. Seeking nontraditional medical treatments
4. One of the hallmarks of community health promotion is its emphasis on improving:
A. Common health-related resources
B. Privately funded wellness programs
C. Taxpayer-funded health initiatives
D. The regulation of hospitals and clinics
5. Which of the following best illustrates a public health measure?
A. Upgrading the local hospital's dialysis equipment
B. Preventing the spread of disease-carrying insects
C. Medical schools competing for research grants
D. Promoting a new surgical technique
6. The aspect of personal health that is most within your control is:
A. Genetic inheritance
B. Human biology
C. Lifestyle
D. Environment
7. What is the major goal of primary disease prevention efforts?
A. Detect diseases before they become symptomatic.
B. Treat a person for particular problems associated with a disease.
C. Find a cure for prevalent diseases.
D. Inhibit the development of diseases.
8. According to the ecological model of health and wellness, which of the following are factors in a person's
natural physical environment?
A. Air quality
B. Sanitation systems
C. Access to health care services
D. Housing
,9. Approximately ___ percent of the U.S. population, aged 29 and younger are members of a racial or ethnic
minority group.
A. 10
B. 20
C. 30
D. 40
10. In general, what can American ethnic minority populations expect concerning their health, as compared
to the general population?
A. Lower lifestyle risk factors
B. Equal health benefits from medical advances
C. Higher rates of cancer, infant mortality, and alcoholism
D. Decreased exposure to carcinogens
11. Charlie's sister lectures him daily about the threat that his smoking poses to his health. She argues that, if
he quits, he would improve both his health and his athletic performance. Charlie knows his sister is right,
but according to the Stages of Change Model, he will actually quit smoking when he reaches the:
A. Precontemplation stage
B. Contemplation stage
C. Preparation stage
D. Action stage
12. The Stages of Change Model of health behavior change emphasizes that:
A. Change happens as a process.
B. People change only when faced with an illness.
C. Change occurs only when the environment supports it.
D. Changes are more effective when based on personal perceptions.
13. Mackenzie has resolved to start exercising three times a week when her membership at a local gym
begins in two weeks. In which stage of change in the Transtheoretical Model is Mackenzie operating?
A. Contemplation
B. Action
C. Precontemplation
D. Preparation
E. Maintenance
14. In which stage of change in the Transtheoretical Model does an individual intend to change a specific
health behavior within the next six months?
A. Preparation
B. Contemplation
C. Maintenance
D. Precontemplation
E. Action
15. Which of the following statements best illustrates a sense of self-efficacy?
A. I should do it.
B. I can't do it.
C. I must do it.
D. I can do it.
16. Which of the following best illustrates a SMART goal?
A. I will get more exercise in the new year.
B. I will avoid situations where I am tempted to eat junk food.
C. I will make smart health choices in each major life activity.
D. I will eat my meals on time and limit myself to one snack daily.
,17. Which of the following best illustrates an action step?
A. Working out will help me lose weight.
B. Beginning next week, I will work out three days a week.
C. My workouts will involve weight-lifting.
D. I hope to start working out every day.
18. What type of research study can suggest likely associations but cannot establish cause-and-effect
relationships?
A. Correlational
B. Perspective
C. Retrospective
D. Experimental
19. The purpose of making a clinical study double-blind is to:
A. Guarantee the results
B. Reduce researcher bias
C. Disguise the study's sponsors
D. Make the results depend on the outcomes of other studies
20. Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning medical research studies?
A. Subjects are not randomly assigned to either a treatment group or control group.
B. To be considered reliable results, the same results must be obtained by no other researchers conducting
the same study.
C.Researchers assign participants to either a treatment group or control group in order of when the
participants register for the study.
D. Clinical studies attempt to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
21. The best type of website on which to research health issues is one that is sponsored by a(n):
A. Commercial health organization
B. Nonprofit political organization
C. Educational institution
D. Individual
22. Which of the following statements about health risks is FALSE?
A. By definition, a health risk is the probability or likelihood of an event occurring.
B. A health risk is the probability of exposure to a hazard that can result in negative consequences.
C. All health risks can be avoided.
D. Health risks include factors such as age, gender, family history, income, and education.
23. The basic definition of health literacy refers to one's ability to:
A. Navigate the health care system successfully
B. Obtain and use health information
C. Describe symptoms to a doctor
D. Achieve maximum wellness
24. Which of the following is NOT a national health objective of Healthy People 2020?
A. Eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death.
B. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
C. Improve the health of all groups of people.
D. Focus on promoting health for older individuals.
25. Healthy People 2020 places increased emphasis on "health determinants," which:
A. Target and measure important public health issues
B. Include both social and environmental determinants
C. Are based on scientific studies
D. Are defined as a person's internal sense of control
, 26. What is the biggest challenge facing health care in the U.S.?
A. Cost
B. Availability
C. Physician shortages
D. Poor care
27. Health and wellness are conceptualized as having several domains, such as physical, mental, emotional,
and spiritual domains.
True False
28. Individual choice is the only factor governing a person's ability to live a healthy lifestyle.
True False
29. The terms disease prevention and health promotion mean the same thing.
True False
30. The tertiary stage of disease prevention involves detecting diseases before they become symptomatic.
True False
31. Factors such as income level, available health care services, and literacy are examples of social
determinants of health.
True False
32. In the United States, poor health outcomes are associated with environmental pollution, low educational
attainment, and poverty.
True False
33. Ethnicity is synonymous with race.
True False
34. Cultural values have little influence on health.
True False
35. The terms "ethnicity" and "race" can be used interchangeably.
True False
36. Advances in medical technology, lifestyle improvements, and environmental protection have produced
significant and equal health benefits for most American ethnic populations.
True False
37. The Stages of Change Model emphasizes that change happens not as a one-time event, but as a
process.
True False
38. Adam is in the contemplation stage of the Transtheoretical Model when he decides that he will stop
drinking alcohol at the beginning of next month.
True False
39. In the maintenance stage of the Transtheoretical Model for health behavior change, a new behavior has
been in place for a minimum of two years.
True False
40. For some types of behaviors, the maintenance stage of the Stages of Change Model can be an ongoing,
lifelong process.
True False
41. Activities such as developing social support systems and establishing goals and rewards help people to
move through stages in the Stages of Change Model.
True False
